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Policy & Procedure Page 1 of 7
Lexington Police
Department
Subject: Bomb Threats
Policy Number:
46G Accreditation Standards:
Reference: 46.1.2 Effective Date:
10/1/12
New
Revised
Revision
Dates:
1/24/19
By Order of: Mark J. Corr, Chief of Police
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AND GUIDELINES
Bomb threats require a specialized response from emergency personnel. The purpose
of this policy is to provide members with a protocol for dealing with threatened or actual
bombings to include response, deployment, search, evacuation and assistance with
specialized units.
It is the policy of the Lexington Police Department to respond to bomb threats and
emergencies in a systematic and efficient manner that gives primary consideration to
the protection of human life. Members are also expected to handle bomb threats in a
manner that will not cause unnecessary risk to Department members, the public or
property.
Incidents involving bomb threats, dangerous devices and/or detonated explosive
devices should activate the Incident Command System (ICS). If a suspected
explosive or suspicious package is located, the Fire Chief has the authority to
order evacuations under M.G.L. Chapter 148.
PROCEDURE
A. Definitions
1. Bomb Emergency: A bomb emergency exists when a suspected or
actual explosives device has been located or has been detonated.
2. Bomb Threats: A bomb threat condition exists when an explosive device
has been reported or is suspected to be at a given location.
3. Dangerous Device: Any suspected or actual compound, mixture,
substance, suspected packages, or mechanical device that poses the
threat of serious bodily harm to people, or damage to property, either by
explosive or incendiary means.
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a. Note: Dangerous Devices may include, but are not limited to,
commercial explosives, (dynamite, blasting caps, plastic explosive,
ammunition, gunpowder, etc.); chemicals used in clandestine drug labs;
or Infernal Machines as defined in MGL Chapter 266 § 102A.
4. Improvised Explosive Device (IED): An explosive device generally
used in unconventional warfare or terrorist activities. A crudely fabricated
dangerous device that incorporates destructive, lethal, noxious,
pyrotechnic or incendiary chemicals designed to destroy, incapacitate,
harass, or distract.
5. Manager: The person in charge of the property at the time of the incident:
this may be the owner, manager, senior employee, School Administrator,
or other person in charge.
6. Unattended Package: Any unaccounted for package which appears to
be a dangerous device.
B. Dispatcher Responsibilities
1. A Department member receiving a bomb threat or warning from a caller
shall, to the best of their ability, ask the caller to answer the following
questions:
a. When is the bomb going to explode?
b. Where is it right now?
c. What does it look like?
d. What kind of bomb is it?
e. What will cause it to explode?
f. Did you place the bomb? Why?
g. What is your address?
h. What is your name?
2. To facilitate the collection of information, dispatch personnel may utilize
the Lexington Police Department Bomb Threat Information Checklist
located in the Dispatch Center, which lists questions a – h above.
C. Dispatch Procedures
1. Dispatch a minimum of two (2) Officers and the Patrol Supervisor (If
available) to the scene of a bomb threat or emergency.
2. Dispatch the Fire Department to the scene.
3. Notify the Commanding Officer on-duty.
4. Advise all other units to remain clear of the scene unless otherwise
directed by a Supervisor;
5. Advise responding units/agencies of threat location and staging areas.
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D. Scene Management
1. First Officer on the Scene
a. Activate NIMS/ICS system;
b. Establish perimeters &”zones of control”;
c. Request additional police officers/personnel to cordon off four (4)
sides of any structure that is targeted;
d. Locate owner/representative of targeted location;
e. Interview the person who reported the threat, if possible; and
f. Advise the Police supervisor of any potential hazards such as:
i. Whether previous threats have been received at the location;
ii. Any possible motives and/or suspects;
iii. The size of the building/structure;
iv. The number of occupants and the type of occupancy;
v. Contents of building (hazardous materials, etc.); and
vi. Any available maps or blueprints of the structure and grounds
that are targeted.
For additional guidance in responding procedures reference Department policy
46A – All Hazards Plan and Department policy 46B – Special Operations -
Emergencies, Disasters & Special Events.
2. Police Personnel On-Scene
To reduce the risk of detonation, police personnel responding to a bomb
threat, unattended package or located dangerous device incident should
NOT:
a. TOUCH OR MOVE any suspicious objects or packages;
b. Allow anyone within 500 feet of a suspicious object or dangerous
device;
c. Touch any electrical devices or appliances;
d. Direct flashlight beams onto a possible dangerous device or use a
camera flash, which may cause detonation through a photoelectric
cell triggering mechanism;
e. Never rule out the possibility of a secondary dangerous device;
f. Transmit Radio within 300 feet of a suspected bomb; officers may
keep their radios in the “on” position to receive transmissions but
should not transmit. A radio transmission may have sufficient energy
to detonate some bomb types;
g. Have cellular phones turned off within 300 feet of a suspected
bomb.
3. The first police supervisor on scene shall:
a. Establish a unified Command Post with responding agencies;
b. Assume responsibility for the security of the Command Post;
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c. Assume command and overall responsibility for maintaining
perimeters, crowd control, and support functions, ensuring that
the perimeters include:
i. Hot Zone (where the dangerous device is located)
ii. Warm Zone (where the inner perimeter is established)
iii. Cold Zone (outer perimeter where the command post and
staging areas are located).
Examples of guidelines for minimum safe distances:
• 10 pounds of explosive = 1,000 feet
• 20 pounds of explosive = 1,400 feet
d. Establish a staging area and assign personnel to operate the staging
area;
e. Request additional resources (e.g. local, state or military bomb
squad, explosive detection K-9 teams, mutual aid, NEMLEC).
NOTE: Mass. State Police Hazardous Devices Technicians and Mass.
State Police explosive detecting K-9s will only respond to incidents if a
suspicious package or a potential dangerous device is located.
4. Evacuation of Structures
a. The decision to search, evacuate, or re-occupy a structure or
location during a bomb threat shall be the responsibility of the
Manager in charge of the property that has been threatened.
b. Officers should not order an evacuation based solely upon a bomb
threat.
c. Working as a unified command, the on-scene Incident Commander
and the Fire Department Commander shall provide available
information to the responsible parties in order to assist them in
making decisions on searching, evacuating, and re-occupying any
structure or facility.
d. If a suspected explosive or suspicious package is located, the Fire
Chief or his designee has the authority to order evacuations under
M.G.L. Chapter 148.
e. If a decision is made to evacuate the premises, police personnel
shall assist with the orderly removal of such persons that are ordered
to leave.
f. Evacuees shall be kept at least 500 feet from any evacuated
structure, and away from glass doors and windows.
g. The evacuation zone should be checked thoroughly prior to
evacuation.
h. Police supervisors shall ensure that any evacuation route is clear,
and does not take people closer to a located dangerous device,
suspicious package, or IED.
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5. Search of Structures: When a search of a structure is required, the
following shall apply:
a. The formation, record keeping, deployment, and recall of search
teams should be in accordance with the requirements specified
within the structure of the NIMS/ICS system;
b. A task force shall respond out of the staging area. At a minimum the
force should be composed of one (1) police official, one (1)
firefighter, an individual that is knowledgeable of the contents and
layout of the premises;
c. Under no circumstances shall employees or occupants of the
targeted location be forced, coerced or mandated to search for
dangerous devices;
d. Search team members shall, as they deem appropriate, utilize one
or more of the following standardized search techniques when
searching the interior of rooms:
i. Stand quietly and listen while scanning/looking around rooms;
ii. Do not turn lights or switches on or off;
iii. Divide the area and select search height: floor to waist, waist
to head, and head to ceiling;
iv. Start at the bottom and work up;
v. Start the search back to back and go around the room in a
circular pattern until search team members meet;
vi. Overlap and/or switch areas to double check; and
vii. Do not jar or move any suspicious package/item(s).
e. Search teams shall be recalled to return to the staging area at the
completion of their search if no dangerous device is found.
6. Bomb Threats against Vehicles
Officers responding to bomb threats targeting vehicles should attempt to
determine the existence of a dangerous device by conducting a visual
inspection of the inside and underside of a vehicle without opening
doors, trunks, hoods. Be extremely vigilant for IEDs and booby-traps
when responding to this type of threat.
7. Located Dangerous Devices: To be handled only by trained personnel.
a. LPD personnel shall not in any manner handle, touch, or move a
dangerous device, either suspected or known. Suspected
dangerous devices and threats against vehicles shall be handled
by local, state, federal or military bomb technicians only.
b. Any acids, liquids, gases or cylinders containing any dangerous
substances not considered to be an explosive should be handled
by the Fire Department Personnel. See Department policy 83A -
Collection and Preservation of Evidence.
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8. Post-Detonation Guidelines: Detonated Dangerous Devices
a. First Police Officer(s) and Police Supervisor On-Scene
i. If an explosion occurs, be conscious of the possibility that a
more powerful secondary attack will occur shortly
thereafter; timed to inflict the maximum number of
casualties against the responding Police, Fire and EMS
responders;
ii. Be aware of snipers or active shooters in the area;
iii. DO NOT rush into the attack site. Direct responding
personnel and vehicles to stay clear of the immediate attack
site: Report to the staging area until the surrounding area
can be swept for a secondary dangerous device, unless
otherwise instructed by a police supervisor;
iv. Rapidly establish a unified command post and staging
areas outside the hazard area. Start building the incident
management system as needed;
v. Immediately disperse any crowds;
vi. Direct bomb technicians to begin a search for a secondary
explosive device secreted on loitering individuals, in
suspicious packages, trash receptacles, parked vehicles, or
other likely locations.
vii. Establish a task force or strike team to respond, if time and
circumstances allow, for a more controlled response;
viii. Quickly arrange for the removal of victims from the
explosion site and have aid rendered in a secure location.
Conduct triage outside of the detonation site.
ix. Implement mass-casualty/mass-fatality procedures;
x. Expect numerous types of injuries, blast pressure or
internal injuries, burns, and shrapnel;
xi. Some seriously wounded victims may have no visible
wounds and some victims may be beyond help;
xii. Biohazard issues need to be addressed rapidly. Consult
with unified command regarding decontamination
procedures;
xiii. Immediately monitor for other hazards such as chemical
agents, gases or radioactive materials; and
xiv. Understand that the scene will be very dynamic and
unstable, act with extreme caution.
b. Investigatory Procedures
i. Photograph all items prior to moving them and mark the
exact location where they were found; See Department
policy 83A - Collection and Preservation of Evidence.
ii. Investigators will attempt to fingerprint bomb components –
treat them accordingly;
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iii. Make immediate notifications of state and federal resources
to include:
• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
Boston (617) 557-2100
Springfield (413) 785-0007
• Federal Bureau of Investigation
Boston (617) 742-5533
• U.S. Postal Inspection Service
Boston (617) 556-4400
iv. Plan on an extensive, multi-day crime scene investigation.
9. Pre-Detonation Response Guidelines: Suicide Bomber a. Upon being dispatched to a location where a person is suspected of being a suicide bomber, police personnel shall follow the previously referenced operational actions and:
b. If the suspect is neutralized and there is no explosion – do not
render aid to the suspect. Bomb technicians or a bomb robot shall
perform the first approach towards any identified or suspected
bomber.
Apply the FBI “ALERT” suspicious factor indicator guide, in order to assess
whether a subject is a potential suicide bomber:
A Alone and nervous
L Loose and/or bulky clothing
E Exposed wires (possibly through a sleeve)
R Rigid mid-section (dangerous device or a rifle)
T Tightened hands (may hold a detonation device)