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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2016-11-21 BOS Packet - Released SELECTMEN'S MEETING Monday, November 21, 2016 Selectmen Meeting Room 6:30 PM AGENDA EXECUTIVE SESSION 1. Exemption 6 (Purchase of Real Estate):Pine Grove/Judges Way Affordable Housing 6:30 p.m. (30 min) SELECTMAN CONCERNS AND LIAISON REPORTS TOWN MANAGER REPORT ITEMS FOR INDIVIDUAL CONSIDERATION 1. Citizen's Academy Graduation(15 min.) 7:10 p.m. 2. Tax Classification Hearing(20 min.) 7:25 p.m. 3. Update-Integrated Building Design Process for Town Facilities (30 min) 7:45 p.m. 4. VHB Report on Mass.Avenue Traffic Calming Options (25 min.) 8:15 p.m. 5. Harbell Street Betterment/Acceptance(5 min) 8:40 p.m. 6. Update Charge-Tax Deferral and Exemption Committee(5 min) 8:45 p.m. 7. Abate Property Taxes-171-173 Bedford Street(5 min) 8:50 p.m. 8. Preliminary Cemetery Fee Analysis (20 min) 8:55 p.m. 9. Approve and Authorize Chairman to Sign-Letter Regarding Doppler Weather Radar 9:15 p.m. Antenna at Hanscom(5 min.) 10.Board of Selectmen Appointments and Resignations (5 min) 9:20 p.m. CONSENT AGENDA 1. Water& Sewer Commitments 2. Approve Use of the Battle Green- Lexington Minute Men 3. Approve One-Day Liquor Licenses - Spectacle Management EXECUTIVE SESSION 1. Exemption 6:Acquisition of Conservation Restriction or Easement-Montessori 9:30 p.m. School Property(10 min) 2. Exemption 3:Pending Litigation 430 Concord Avenue(10 min) 9:40 p.m. 3. Exemption 6:Purchase of Real Estate, 20 Pelham Road(10 min) 9:50 p.m. ADJOURN 1. Approximate Adjourn Time 9:50 p.m. The next meeting of the Board of Selectmen is scheduled for Monday, December, 5, 2016 at 6:30 p.m. in the Selectmen's Meeting Room, 1625 Massachusetts Avenue. Hearing Assistance Device.s Available on Repast �� �� � All agenda time and the order of items are approximate and subject to change. Recorded by LeWedia AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Exemption 6 (Purchase of Real Estate): Pine Grove/Judges Way Affordable Housing (30 min) PRESENTER: ITEM NUMBER: Liz Rust, RHSO; Carl F. Valente, Town Manager ES.1 SUMMARY: Suggested motion for Executive Session: Move that the Board go into Executive Session to consider potential litigation and the purchase, exchange, lease or value of real property, Pine Grove/Judges Way complex, and to reconvene in Open Session only to adjourn. Further, that as Chairman, I declare that an open meeting may have a detrimental effect on the negotiating position of the Town. Update on a proposal to remove this complex from the Subsidized Housing Inventory. SUGGESTED MOTION: None anticipated. FOLLOW-UP: Assistant Town Manager for Development, Town Counsel and Planning Director will continue negotiations with property owners. DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 6:30 p.m. ATTACHMENTS: Description Type AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Citizen's Academy Graduation(15 min.) PRESENTER: ITEM NUMBER: Claire Goodwin, Management Analyst, Town Manager's Office I.1 SUMMARY: No vote is requested for this agenda item. Individuals from the recently completed Citizen's Academy will meet with the Selectmen to briefly discuss their experience/observations. In past years, the Selectmen have asked participants questions such as: • Of the topics covered, what were the highlights of the Academy and what would you like to hear more about? • For those of you who have lived in Lexington for a while, did you learn something about the Town you had not yet discovered?For those who just moved here, did you learn about something that you would like to explore more? • Do you have any suggestions about how the Board can better communicate what is going on in the Town? • Based on what you have learned at the Citizen's Academy, have any of you thought about volunteering for a Town board or committee in the future? • Now that you have learned how the Town works, do you have any questions for the Selectmen? SUGGESTED MOTION: None FOLLOW-UP: None DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 7:10 p.m. ATTACHMENTS: Description Type D Citizuu Acadonw Attendoes, Backup Matorinl D Meeting Schodide Backup Matorinl 2016 Citizens' Academy Participants Number First Name Last Name 1 June Baer 2 Avram Baskin 3 Susan Bottan 4 Dean Curtin 5 Ralph DeAcetis 6 Yi Du 7 Emily Ferman 8 Victor Gorospe 9 Melanie Higgins 10 Bei Hopkins 11 Ethan Kiczek 12 Kevin Kilpatrick 13 Steven Kooi 14 Chip Lewis 15 Caroline Lucas 16 Christie Murphy 17 Tom Murphy 18 Meaghan Murphy 19 Lisa Newton 20 Hien Nguyen 21 Rita Pandey 22 Loyde Romero 23 Taylor Singh 24 Leanne Soylemez 25 Rama Vutukuri 26 Peggy Wacks 27 Helen Yang 28 Grace Yuki 29 Natalian Zhai 2016 LEXINGTON CITIZENS'ACADEMY SCHEDULE r_ u APRILIs) Date Topic Location Thursday,September 15,7pm-9pm Introduction&Overview of the Town Town Office Building, 1625 Mass Ave,Selectmen Meeting Room Thursday,September 22,7pm 9pm Town Financials&Community Center Tour Lexington Community Center 39Marrett Road,Room 242 Thursday,September 29,7pm-9pm Land Use,Health,Community and Economic Town Office Building, 1625 Mass Development Ave,Parker Room Tuesday,October 4,7pm-9pm Optional Workshop:The Life of a Permit Cary Hall, 1605 Mass Ave, Estabrook Hall Thursday,October 6,7pm-9pm Emergency Services-Fire Lexington Fire Station,45 Bedford Street Thursday,October 13,7pm-9pm Town Meeting&Town Clerk Cary Hall, 1605 Mass Ave,BattinHall Thursday,October 20,7pm-9pm Cary Memorial Library&Recreation and Cary Memorial Library 1874 Community Programs Massachusetts Avenue School Administration Building, Thursday,October 27,7pm-9pm Schools 146 Maple Street,Lower Level Conference Room#2 Thursday,November 3,7pm-9pm Police&Human Services Lexington Police Station, 1575 Massachusetts Avenue Samuel Hadley Public Service Thursday,November 17,7pm-9pm Public Works&Public Facilities+Tour Building,201 Bedford Street, Cafeteria Monday,November 21,7pm-9pm Board of Selectmen Meeting-Graduation! Cary Hall,1605 Mass Ave, Estabrook Hall AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Tax Classification Hearing (20 min) PRESENTER: ITEM Greg Johnson, Chairman, Ed Grant, NUMBER: Cas Groblewski, Board of Assessors; Rob Addelson,ATM for Finance 1'2 SUMMARY: No vote is requested for this agenda item. On November 7, 2016, the Board of Assessors presented information to the Board of Selectmen on factors that will affect the determination of the Fiscal Year 2017 tax rate. This was the first of three meetings on setting the rate. This agenda item is for the purpose of holding a tax classification hearing to consider tax rate setting options available under property tax classification and to take public comment on classification. The attached Fiscal Year 2017 Tax Classification Packet includes a presentation of these options. It is proposed that the Board set an FY2017 tax rate at its meeting of December 5th. At that time, the Board must take four votes which are described in the memorandum from the Board of Assessors to the Board of Selectmen included in the attached Fiscal Year 2017 Tax Classification Packet. The votes are to: . Establish a residential factor(see Exhibit A); . Determine whether to adopt the Open Space Discount; . Determine whether to adopt the Residential Exemption and, if so, the percentage(up to 20 percent); . Determine whether to adopt the Small Commercial Exemption SUGGESTED MOTION: None required at this time. FOLLOW-UP: The Board of Selectmen will vote the tax rate/minimum residental factor, at its meeting on December 5, 2016. DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 7:25 p.m. ATTACHMENTS: Description Type Cl V"<xC 1 ,d`ra,s tia,nr Q'<ta kart C"over Mlonx) Town of Lexington Fiscal Year 2017 Tax Classification Packet v5 MOR1y�� O�`O v 'Q ~ C1" z fn 3 APRIL 19TN LEXrxG10� Prepared for: Lexington Board of Selectmen Prepared by: Lexington Assessors Office Chairman, Gregory A. Johnson Member, Edmund C. Grant Member, Casimir R. Groblewski Robert F. Lent, Director of Assessing Tax Classification Public Hearing November 21 , 2016 MEMO To: Lexington Board of Selectmen From: Lexington Board of Assessors Subject: FY2017 Tax Classification Public Hearing Date: November 21, 2016 This memo is intended to provide the Board of Selectmen with the necessary information to conduct a Public Hearing and Information Session on the tax classification options available under Massachusetts General Laws. The classification amendment requires the Board of Selectmen to consider four selections with respect to the setting the FY2017 tax rate. The decision of the Board for each alternative must be submitted to the DOR on form LA5. The four (4) selections are: 1. Selection of a residential factor 2. Selection of a discount for Open Space 3. Residential exemption 4. Small commercial property exemption 1. Selection of a residential factor. (Class 1: Residential; Class 2: Open Space; Class 3: Commercial; Class 4: Industrial, etc.) The Board of Selectmen may choose to adopt a residential factor, which will increase the tax rate applied to the commercial, industrial, and personal property (C-I-P) classes, up to a maximum factor (multiplier) of 1.750. Adopting such a factor will shift a larger portion of the overall Lexington tax levy to the commercial, industrial, personal property classes (CIP), thereby reducing the portion of the tax levy borne by the owners of residential property. Attached Exhibits A & Exhibit B demonstrate the effect that several possible "factor" choices will have by identifying the tax levy percentage borne by each classification of properties, and the resulting tax rates. Approximately 100 of the 351 communities in Massachusetts adopt this component of classification. 2. Selection of a discount for Open Space. Massachusetts General Law Chapter 59 Sec. 2A defines Class 2 Open Space as: "..land which is not otherwise classified and which is not taxable under provisions of chapters 61, 61A or 61B, or taxable under a permanent conservation restriction, and which land is not held for the production of income but is maintained in an open or natural condition and which contributes significantly to the benefit and enjoyment of the public." The Board of Selectmen may choose to adopt an exemption, discounting the assessed value of Open Space to a maximum of 25% for any property that is classified as Open Space. The Board of Assessors has not identified any property in Lexington that meets the definition of Open Space according to the statute. To our knowledge, Bedford is the only community in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to adopt this exemption. Lexington Board of Selectmen Tax Classification Public Hearing November 21, 2016 3. Residential exemption. The Board of Selectmen may choose to adopt a maximum residential exemption of up to 35% (in prior years, this maximum was 20%). If adopted, the tax relief would apply only to owner-occupied properties. The residential properties assessed below the "break-even valuation" point will realize a reduction in taxes while the residential properties assessed above the "break-even valuation" point must pay additional taxes to compensate. Non owner-occupied properties (including apartment buildings and vacant land) would have a substantial increase in taxes. Please refer to Exhibit H in this classification packet for details of the impact of the residential exemption if it were adopted. Fourteen communities in Commonwealth of MA, typically those with a substantial base of rental units, are currently offering this exemption including Barnstable, Boston, Brookline, Cambridge, Chelsea, Everett, Malden, Nantucket, Provincetown, Somerset, Somerville, Tisbury, Waltham and Watertown. In FY2017, Lexington's Single Family Dwellings have an average assessed value of approximately $932,000 (see Exhibit C); however, the average assessed value among all residential parcels - a component in calculating the distributional impact of the residential exemption - is approximately $867,000 (see Exhibit H). All residential parcels include single family dwelling, two & three family buildings, vacant land, condominiums, and apartment buildings. 4. Small commercial exemption The Board of Selectmen may choose to adopt a small commercial exemption of up to 10% of the property valuation to be granted to commercial (not industrial) property that meets the requirements of the law. To qualify, eligible businesses must have occupied the property as of January 1, must have had no more than ten (10) employees during the previous calendar year, and the property must have a assessed valuation of less than $1,000,000. While the eligible business does not have to own the property, all occupants of the commercial portion of the property must qualify. Again, the compensation for this exemption tax relief is borne within the other properties in the CIP class. Currently, ten (10) communities in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts offer the small commercial exemption including Auburn, Avon, Bellingham, Braintree, Dartmouth, New Ashford, Seekonk, Somerset, Westford and Wrentham. 2 EXHIBIT A: ALTERNATIVE TAX RATE SCENARIOS FOR FY2017 FY2016-FY2017 Change in Levy Limit and Values Factors Affecting Determination FY2016 Maximum Allowable $163,093,744 N/A FY2016 FY2017 %CHANGE Levy Limit Maximum Allowable Levy Limit $163,093,744 $170,277,714 4.40% Amended New Growth $0 0.00 Tax Levy (FY16 actual,and FY17 $163,074,847 $170,277,714 4.42% Proposition 2 1/2 increment $3,869,226 2.37 levy limit) Residential Valuation $8,862,601,990 $9,361,100,630 5.62% New Growth Increment $3,309,344 2.03 Comm+Indl+PP Valuation $1,185,945,695 $1,228,355,980 3.58% Override $0 0.00 Total Valuation $10,048,547,685 $10,589,456,610 5.38% Debt Exclusion Increment 5,400 0.00 Residential Tax Rate $14.60 T.B.D. T.B.D. FY2017 Maximum Allowable $170,277,714 4.40 Levy Limit Comm/Indl/PP Tax Rate $28.40 T.B.D. T.B.D. LEVY CHNG:FY16 TO FACTOR %SHARE OF LEVY TAX LEVY TAX RATE FY17 C-I-P RESID C-I-P RES C-I-P RESID C-I-P RESID C-I-P RESID COMMENTS 1.000 1.000 11.60% 88.40% $ 19,751,877 $ 150,525,837 $16.08 $16.08 -41.36% 16.33% SINGLE TAX RATE 1.050 0.993 12.18% 87.82% $ 20,739,471 $ 149,538,243 $16.88 $15.97 -38.42% 15.57% 1.100 0.987 12.76% 87.24% $ 21,727,065 $ 148,550,649 $17.69 $15.87 -35.49% 14.80 1.150 0.980 13.34% 86.66% $ 22,714,659 $ 147,563,055 $18.49 $15.76 -32.56% 14.04% 1.200 0.974 13.92% 86.08% $ 23,702,253 $ 146,575,461 $19.30 $15.66 -29.63% 13.28% 1.250 0.967 14.50% 85.50% $ 24,689,847 $ 145,587,868 $20.10 $15.55 -26.69% 12.52 1.300 0.961 15.08% 84.92% $ 25,677,441 $ 144,600,274 $20.90 $15.45 -23.76% 11.75 1.350 0.954 15.66% 84.34% $ 26,665,034 $ 143,612,680 $21.71 $15.34 -20.83% 10.99 1.400 0.948 16.24% 83.76% $ 27,652,628 $ 142,625,086 $22.51 $15.24 -17.90% 10.23 1.450 0.941 16.82% 83.18% $ 28,640,222 $ 141,637,492 $23.32 $15.13 -14.97% 9.46% 1.500 0.934 17.40% 82.60% $ 29,627,816 $ 140,649,898 $24.12 $15.02 -12.03% 8.70 1.550 0.928 17.98% 82.02% $ 30,615,410 $ 139,662,304 $24.92 $14.92 -9.10% 7.94 1.560 0.927 18.10% 81.90% $ 30,812,929 $ 139,464,786 $25.08 $14.90 -8.52% 7.78 1.570 0.925 18.21% 81.79% $ 31,010,448 $ 139,267,267 $25.25 $14.88 -7.93% 7.63 1.580 0.924 18.33% 81.67% $ 31,207,966 $ 139,069,748 $25.41 $14.86 -7.34% 7.48 1.590 0.923 18.44% 81.56% $ 31,405,485 $ 138,872,229 $25.57 $14.84 -6.76% 7.33 1.600 0.921 18.56% 81.44% $ 31,603,004 $ 138,674,711 $25.73 $14.81 -6.17% 7.17 1.610 0.920 18.68% 81.32% $ 31,800,523 $ 138,477,192 $25.89 $14.79 -5.58% 7.02 1.620 0.919 18.79% 81.21% $ 31,998,041 $ 138,279,673 $26.05 $14.77 -5.00% 6.87 1.630 0.917 18.91% 81.09% $ 32,195,560 $ 138,082,154 $26.21 $14.75 -4.41% 6.71 1.640 0.916 19.02% 80.98% $ 32,393,079 $ 137,884,635 $26.37 $14.73 -3.82% 6.56 1.650 0.915 19.14% 80.86% $ 32,590,598 $ 137,687,117 $26.53 $14.71 -3.24% 6.41% 1.660 0.913 19.26% 80.74% $ 32,788,116 $ 137,489,598 $26.69 $14.69 -2.65% 6.26% 1.670 0.912 19.37% 80.63% $ 32,985,635 $ 137,292,079 $26.85 $14.67 -2.06% 6.10 1.680 0.911 19.49% 80.51% $ 33,183,154 $ 137,094,560 $27.01 $14.65 -1.48% 5.95% 1.690 0.909 19.60% 80.40% $ 33,380,673 $ 136,897,042 $27.18 $14.62 -0.89% 5.80 1.700 0.908 19.72% 80.28% $ 33,578,192 $ 136,699,523 $27.34 $14.60 -0.30% 5.65% 1.710 0.907 19.84% 80.16% $ 33,775,710 $ 136,502,004 $27.50 $14.58 0.28% 5.49 1.720 0.906 19.95% 80.05% $ 33,973,229 $ 136,304,485 $27.66 $14.56 0.87% 5.34 1.730 0.904 20.07% 79.93% $ 34,170,748 $ 136,106,966 1 $27.82 $14.54 1.45% 5.19% 1.740 0.903 20.18% 79.82% $ 34,368,267 $ 135,909,448 1 $27.981 $14.521 2.04% 5.04 1.750 0.902 20.30% 79.70% $ 34,565,785 $ 135,711,929 $28.14 $14.50 2.63% 4.88% FY17MAX SHIFT 3 m (L 0 M M C-4 C-4 C-4 It It LO M Or-- C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C14 C) 0000 It C) C) C) C) C) C) C) U-) U-) F- 't c) c) c) c) 't 't 't 't (D (D r-- r-- r-- r-- r-- r-- r-- U.) 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O O 21 o 0 Efl O O ' O O N N O m zz zz zz ``a zz o zz zz o 0 ^r r ^r r ^r r ^r r ^r r ^r r M O } O O 0 o m o X O m } } m } } } } } } } } } O W co co co co m co co � co co co co E co co Q g =o -a C� ;K _o -a _ _ w w } } Q y w w } } a° Q w w w } } g Q y w w } } a Q Li LL y LL LL LL LL N Li LL y LL LL O a a c c `o u a a c c m o u a a c c 0 ? `o m m o a `o m m oo a o m m a `o m m — ? `o m m - ? `o m m Ud � m m - c� c N3 o N N N K Efl o N N V Efl o N N O V3 C N N O N3 o N N V x N3 o N N N F O -O -O � a F O -O -O F O -O -O � 's N F O -O -O � C N F O -O -O • a N F O N � d B O O d B O O d B O O d B O O d B O O g d B O O C C C C C C C C C C C C o m a J w m m -o J o m m -o m m -o y m m =o -o o m m -o • m m p� -o -o Q m � mmm Q mmm , gQ � mmm mmm xmm Q ma � mmm Oo • o > o > m > o > > o O a g a a a a y • o a Cl) > g o w oa U � o o • • 2 m z° Q' EXHIBIT E: TAX FACTORS AND TAX RATES - COMPARABLE COMMERCIAL COMMUNITIES AND CONTIGUOUS COMMUNITIES COMPARABLE COMMERCIAL COMMUNITIES FY2016 FY2015 FY2016 C/I/P RESIDENTIAL C-I -P C-I -P RESIDENTIAL C-I -P C-I -P MUNICIPALITY RATE RATE SHIFT RATE RATE SHIFT Cambridge $13,096,396,324 $7.82 $19.29 1.703 $6.99 $17.17 1.733 Waltham $3,399,532,419 $13.13 $31.79 1.750 $12.24 $29.53 1.749 Newton $2,703,175,348 $11.61 $22.38 1.738 $11.38 $21.94 1.748 Burlington $2,138,554,119 $11.35 $29.40 1.626 $11.46 $28.28 1.575 Woburn $1,931,305,573 $10.17 $26.30 1.750 $10.05 $25.79 1.750 Wellesley $1,392,155,700 $11.56 $11.56 1.750 $11.83 $11.83 1.000 Needham $1,275,693,764 $11.29 $22.43 1.750 $11.54 $23.02 1.750 Lexington $1,185,945,695 $14.86 $29.10 1.750 $14.60 $28.40 1.750 Watertown 1 $1,183,538,270 $15.03 $27.87 1.750 $13.68 $25.40 1.750 COMMUNITIES CONTIGUOUS TO LEXINGTON FY2016 FY2015 FY2016 RESIDENTIAL C-I -P C-I -P RESIDENTIAL C-I -P C-I -P MUNICIPALITY TOTAL VALUE RATE RATE SHIFT RATE RATE SHIFT Arlington $8,513,898,549 $13.55 $13.55 1.000 $12.80 $12.80 1.000 Bedford $3,194,692,927 $14.62 $32.12 1.750 $15.28 $33.50 1.750 Belmont $6,598,368,011 $12.90 $12.90 1.000 $12.56 $12.56 1.000 Burlington $5,534,799,894 $11.35 $29.40 1.626 $11.46 $28.28 1.575 Lexington $10,048,547,685 $14.86 $29.10 1.750 $14.60 $28.40 1.750 Lincoln $1,973,333,662 $14.15 $18.60 1.300 $13.99 $18.39 1.300 Waltham $9,946,294,086 $13.13 $31.79 1.750 $12.24 $29.53 1.749 Winchester $6,591,905,517 $12.14 $11.40 N/A $11.68 $11.02 N/A Woburn $6,486,536,260 $12.14 $11.40 N/A $11.68 $11.02 N/A 8 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O a o - y l0 00 li N O O li 00 n N 0l 00 N n li O O N 0l CY O N M n M (� IA O O ip CY n i-I 1.0 O N 1.0 00 CY 00 N a4 CY O CY 1.0 N M 00 N n 00 N 1.0 N R I- > M M i-I i-I i-I i-I N i-I i-I rq M N i-I i-I N i-I N N N i-I i-I O 0o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r CY N 0l 00 O O 0l N M 00 li N 00 M 0l O O N li l0 O 00 n M n 06 th > � � 00 rn m 00 00 r, 00 rn 00 00 � m 00 rn 00 r, 00 r, rn r, r, 00 00 La -O Cl) O O (O (O O O LO O O O Lo (O M N O) O M N O 00 O � O y O 00 O O � (O _ I' � N CD 00 00 N N It � It 00 � � (M 0') O N � (O O LC) LC) M N N O � CO O N 00 LO N � - N O - 00 O 0')- th th O O 00 M 00 � It0') 00 ti �t CD 00 00 0) LO (O It N � 00 00 (1) (1) 00 (O N OC) O) O0 r- �t � '0 0') O 00 0') (0 � O N LO N O IA = O O 00 O LC) 00 00 P M) N Ln 00 Ln O 'zt � � 'zt O O P, O � O �t N 0-) (0 00 It It 00 (O 00 00 CO (O LC) N LC) (O (O CD (M > V' 00 N It O V' M 0) 0) � d' �t N (O 00 It It LO � � LO 00 00 W O (O Cl) L' (O O N � O O) O LC) O O Ln (M N N � O O +'' 00 It It O O M N - O O O O O) 00 00 � � � � � (O (O (O 0 CO I N N Q 00 V 00 (O (O O O (O '�h CO O W M N �t � O '�t � O N O N M M P- N �t (O 1- 00 N O) 00 1- O 0) (O (O O M It O � � M O N � .a a^ N (M (M O � (O (O O � (O 'zt � N � (C O q 00 LC) (O (M a 00 (O LO � � N O � LO LO N P- M M O M � d) 0) W N It N LO O � � 00 (O 00 LO LO eP M O O O M O � O) 00 LO N Q V (0 M - It M O N 00 � N - O) LO O (O M � - O It It � � O) W E � M N(O ( 00 N O) (O N N Ln O O Ln N (M Ln Ln P-: O � 11' N N O) CD00 (O 00 CO CO L(') N M 00 M 00 � N �t CD LC) CD(O ) - N U)'^ y (M O � N O) Ln O N (O M CO �- M 00 N LC) O) 00 V' (O LO CD LO CD o a lt CO N M V (M N uj I-_ CD CD (0 (O CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD It O CD co CD CD CD CDV) N LO O It I-- CO O I� 00 O CO CO 00 M M I� O (O I� I� M M O N _ CO O CO It CO It LO It M M 1- O 00 - N LC) O O � CO It M M CO � Q La (M (M N M N (O 'i 00 M N N Ln V' (M O 00 " O 00 � � N N C O) 00 M 00 M 00 V' CO (; 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O in c�i N O O aI CD CL N > O O C Q. D O N N N (6 O O u- >O N >Fu >, N = N T c m "6 CL N p >N o m c� z z m m c� cn LL > J > Z Q LL Q Z LU (n 0- J to O � N M CY N l0 n 00 dl O rq N M CY N - N M Ct N - n 00 dl 0 i-I a-1 i-I i-I i-I i-I i-I i-I m N N N N N N EXHIBIT G: TAX FACTORS and TAX RATES for Aaa and AAA RATED COMMUNITIES TAX EEXEMPTIQ Massachusetts Municipality Bond Rating RESIDENTIAL RATE Fy1bC-I-TAX P FAFy1bCTOR TOTAL VALUE TOTAL VALUE ADOPTED POPULATION MILES SQ MILE INCOME Lexington Aaa $14.60 $28.40 1.75 88.2% 11.8% No 32,650 16.4 1,991 $103,679 Acton AAA $19.23 $19.23 1.00 88.2% 11.8% No 22,891 20.0 1,445 $59,235 Andover AAA $14.82 $25.99 1.54 81.1% 18.9% No 34,477 31.0 1,112 $73,316 Arlington AAA $12.80 $12.80 1.00 94.0% 6.0% No 44,028 5.2 8,467 $47,558 Barnstable AAA $9.31 $8.41 1.00 88.0% 12.0% Yes 1 44,641 60.0 744 $55,218 Bedford AAA $15.28 $33.50 1.751 78.8% 21.2% No 13,975 13.7 1,020 $55,218 Belmont Aaa $12.56 $12.56 1.00 94.7% 5.3% No 25,332 4.7 5,390 $79,444 Boston AAA $11.00 $26.81 1.75 65.4% 34.6% Yes 645,966 48.4 13,346 $25,332 Boxborough AAA $16.36 $16.36 1.00 76.1% 23.9% No 5,137 10.4 494 $53,865 Brewster AAA $8.43 $8.43 1.00 94.1% 5.9% No 9,754 23.0 424 $28,936 Brookline Aaa $10.42 $16.99 1.72 90.0% 10.0% Yes 59,128 6.81 8,695 $69,781 Cambridge AAA $6.99 $17.71 1.73 62.2% 37.8% Yes 107,289 6.4 16,764 $54,587 Canton AAA $12.79 $26.36 1.67 77.9% 22.1% No 22,221 18.9 1,176 $51,977 Chatham AAA $5.02 $5.02 1.00 93.2% 6.8% No 6,131 16.2 378 $47,569 Chilmark AAA $2.71 $2.71 1.00 97.8% 2.2% No 913 19.1 48 $57,405 Concord Aaa $13.92 $13.92 1.00 91.4% 8.6% No 19,285 24.9 774 $119,191 Dartmouth AAA $9.84 $15.01 1.39 82.2% 17.8% No 34,557 61.61 561 $29,281 Dedham AAA $15.49 $33.02 1.75 80.7% 19.3% No 25,299 10.5 2,409 $44,218 Dennis AAA $6.53 $6.53 1.00 92.2% 7.8% No 14,067 20.6 683 $28,569 Dover AAA $12.88 $12.88 1.00 97.3% 2.6% No 5,797 15.3 379 $215,602 Duxbury AAA $15.55 $15.55 1.00 95.8% 4.2%1 No 15,288 23.8 642 $77,56.2 Eastham AAA $7.44 $7.44 1.00 96.1% 3.9% No 4,932 14.0 352 $30,996 Hamilton AAA $17.25 $17.25 1.00 95.1% 4.9% No 8,131 14.6 557 $67,519 Harvard AAA $18.05 $18.05 1.00 95.0% 5.0% No 6,569 26.4 249 $59,979 Hingham AAA $12.49 $12.49 1.00 87.6% 12.4% No 22,740 22.51 1,011 $90,533 Hopkinton AAA $17.03 $17.03 1.00 83.4% 16.6% No 15,918 26.6 598 $72,454 Lincoln AAA $13.99 $18.39 1.30 96.5% 3.5% No 6,565 14.4 456 $137,262 Littleton AAA $17.69 $28.04 1.41 98.8% 21.2% No 9,246 16.6 557 $43,791 Manchester By The Sea AAA $11.07 $11.07 1.00 93.3% 6.7% No 5,249 9.3 564 $117,993 Marblehead AAA $11.10 $11.10 1.00 94.7% 5.3% No 20,187 4.5 4,486 $76,007 Marion AAA $11.31 $11.31 1.00 92.4% 7.6% No 4,919 14.61 337 $76,007 Mashpee AAA $9.08 $9.08 1.00 90.9% 9.7% No 14,068 23.5 599 $30,674 Mattapoisett AAA $13.20 $13.20 1.00 93.6% 6.4% No 6,172 16.5 374 $48,970 Milton AAA $13.50 $21.70 1.57 94.1% 3.9%1 No 27,270 13.0 2,098 $63,132 Natick AAA $13.57 $13.57 1.00 77.6% 22.4% No 35,214 15.1 2,332 $48,128 Needham AAA $11.54 $23.02 1.75 85.9% 14.1% No 29,736 12.6 2,360 $94,199 Newton Aaa $11.38 $21.94 1.75 88.9% 11.1% No 87,971 10.5 8,378 $108,727 Norwell AAA $16.50 $16.50 1.00 70.1% 29.9% No 10,723 20.9 513 $69,936 Orleans AAA $6.46 $6.46 1.00 92.3% 7.7% No 5,868 14.2 413 $43,774 Reading AAA $14.50 $14.50 1.00 91.7% 8.3% No 25,327 9.9 2,558 $46,209 Sherborn AAA $20.57 $20.57 1.00 95.4% 4.6% No 4,239 16.0 265 $180,027 Sudbury AAA $17.80 $25.11 1.38 93.4% 6.6% No 18,367 24.4 753 $98,133 Watertown AAA $13.68 $25.40 1.75 81.1% 18.9% Yes 32,996 4.1 8,048 $38,375 Wayland Aaa $17.34 $17.34 1.00 94.9% 5.1% No 13,444 15.2 884 $144,135 Wellesley AAA $11.83 $11.83 1.00 87.1% 12.9% No 29,090 10.2 2,852 $164,153 Wellfleet AAA $6.83 $6.83 1.00 95.5% 4.5% No 2,733 19.8 138 $37,996 Wenham AAA $16.98 $16.98 1.00 96.3% 3.7% No 5,055 7.7 656 $70,142 Westborough AAA $17.77 $17.77 1.00 83.7% 16.3% No 1 5,055 20.5 247 $54,189 Westford AAA $16.30 $16.50 1.00 84.9% 15.1% No 23,265 30.6 760 $51,876 Weston AAA $12.16 $12.16 1.00 95.6% 4.4% No 11,853 17.0 697 $306,253 Westwood AAA 1 $16.441 $28.271 1.701 85.5916 14.5%1 No 14,876 11.0 1,352 $98,937 10 EXHIBIT H: ADOPTION OF RESIDENTIAL EXEMPTION - PROPERTY TAX IMPACT ANALYSIS RESIDENTIAL EXEMPTION WORKSHEET FISCAL YEAR 2017 INFORMATION TOTAL RESIDENTIAL VALUE $9,344,321,800 TOTAL#RESID. PARCELS 10,778 AVG. RESIDENTIAL PARCEL $866,981.05 EXEMPTION @ 35% 35% EXEMPTION$AMOUNT $303,443 ESTIMATED#EXEMPTIONS 9,710 TOTAL RESID. EXEMPT VALUE $2,946,435,112 PRELIMINARY RESID. RATE(FY2017) $14.50 TOTAL RESID. REVENUE $135,492,666 NEW RESID.ASSESSED VALUE $6,397,886,688 NEW RESID. RATE $21.18 (a) (b) (C) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) 0) EXEMPTED PRELIMINARY ANNUAL ASSESSED NET TAX RATE @ PROPERTY VALUE @ 35% ASSESSED DERIVED TAX NET TAX $Change %Change ASSESSED VALUE 1.75 SHIFT TAX BILL EXEMPTION VALUE 1 RATE BILL (g-c) (h/c) $300,000 $14.50 $4,350 $270,000 $30,000 $21.18 $635 -$3,715 -85.39% $400,000 $14.50 $5,800 $303,443 $96,557 $21.18 $2,045 -$3,755 -64.74% $500,000 $14.50 $7,250 $303,443 $196,557 $21.18 $4,163 -$3,087 -42.58% $600,000 $14.50 $8,700 $303,443 $296,557 $21.18 $6,280 -$2,420 -27.81% $650,000 $14.50 $9,425 $303,443 $346,557 $21.18 $7,339 -$2,086 -22.13% $691,700 $14.50 $10,030 $303,443 $388,257 $21.18 $8,222 -$1,807 -18.02% $700,000 $14.50 $10,150 $303,443 $396,557 $21.18 $8,398 -$1,752 -17.26% $800,000 $14.50 $11,600 $303,443 $496,557 $21.18 $10,516 -$1,084 -9.35% $900,000 $14.50 $13,050 $303,443 $596,557 $21.18 $12,634 -$416 -3.19% $962,340 $14.50 $13,954 $303,443 $658,897 $21.18 $13,954 $0 0.00% $1,000,000 $14.50 $14,500 $303,443 $696,557 $21.18 $14,751 $251 1.73% $1,100,000 $14.50 $15,950 $303,443 $796,557 $21.18 $16,869 $919 5.76% $1,250,000 $14.50 $18,125 $303,443 $946,557 $21.18 $20,046 $1,921 10.60% $1,500,000 $14.50 $21,750 $303,443 $1,196,557 $21.18 $25,340 $3,590 16.51% $1,750,000 $14.50 $25,375 $303,443 $1,446,557 $21.18 $30,635 $5,260 20.73% $2,000,000 $14.50 $29,000 $303,443 $1,696,557 $21.18 $35,929 $6,929 23.89% $2,500,000 $14.50 $36,250 $303,443 $2,196,557 $21.18 $46,518 $10,268 28.33% $3,000,000 $14.50 $43,500 $303,443 $2,696,557 $21.18 $57,107 $13,607 31.28% $5,000,000 $14.50 $72,500 $303,443 $4,696,557 $21.18 $99,462 $26,962 37.19% 1 Residential Exemption may not reduce the taxable value of the property to less than 10 percent of its full and fair cash value. *BREAK EVEN ASSESSED VALUE, NO TAX IMPACT. $962,340 11 AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Update-Integrated Building Design Process for Town Facilities (30 min) PRESENTER: ITEM NUMBER: Mark Sandeen, Chairman, Sustainable Lexington Committee 1.3 SUMMARY: No vote is requested for this item. Sustainable Lexington will be presenting a proposal for updating the current Sustainable Building Policy to reliably achieve highly desirable outcomes for improved health, indoor air quality, cognitive performance, energy efficiency, local renewable energy and resilience. The goal will be for the Board of Selectmen to adopt an updated Sustainable Building Policy prior to the start of the Hastings and Fire Department building design projects. SUGGESTED MOTION: At a subsequent Selectmen's meeting, the Board will consider an Integrated Building Management Policy for adoption. FOLLOW-UP: To be discussed with the Permanent Building Committee, School Committee, Energy Committee and Financial Committees. DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 7:45 p.m. ATTACHMENTS: Description Type D lour t ahlallbkl xQ'rars;arnrts tia nr. 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PURPOSE This sustainable design policy establishes a policy and process by which, to the extent possible, the impacts, costs, and benefits of construction and operation of the built environment on human health, well-being and on the natural environment will be considered over the expected life of the asset. Development and construction practices are contributors to the depletion of natural resources and a cause of air and water pollution, solid waste, deforestation, toxic wastes, health hazards, global warming and other negative consequences. The Town will design its buildings to achieve the highest reasonably attainable performance standards for health, energy and resilience. The Town will evaluate high performance design options at the start of each facility project to make informed decisions about the optimal design for each specific project. The Town will consider areas of optimization including, but not be limited to, health, energy efficiency, energy demand management, on site renewables, and resilience. II. APPLICATION I. The Town of Lexington shall incorporate sustainable building principles into the design, construction, and operation of all Town facilities, to the level that is fiscally responsible. 2. The Town will include the Procurement Requirements for Architectural and Engineering Consultants (Attachment A) in solicitations and contracts for Architectural and Engineering services for all renovation and new facility projects over 5,000 square feet. 3. To the extent possible, all renovation and new facility projects over 5,000 square feet undertaken by the Town shall comply with Lexington's Sustainable Design Process (Attachment B), conform to LEEDTM Silver standards and all required standards identified in the Lexington LEED+HER (Health, Energy, and Resilience) Project Checklist(Attachment Q. In addition the Town shall consider design options for achievement of all priority standards identified in the Lexington LEED+HER Project Checklist (Attachment Q. 4. School projects (K-12 public schools) should be designed to meet Massachusetts CHPS standards. 5. The Sustainable Design Process will include design reviews and total life cycle cost analysis to evaluate the design options proposed to achieve Lexington's required and priority standards for health, energy efficiency, energy demand management, and resilience as well as maximum onsite renewable energy. 6. The Sustainable Design Process will provide adequate opportunities for appropriate stakeholder consultation and will include the Department of Public Facilities, representatives of the building occupants, the Permanent Building Committee, Energy Conservation Committee, Sustainable Lexington Committee, and other stakeholders identified by Town leaders. 7. Stakeholders will be encouraged to participate in three design review meetings. The first design review meeting will take place at the beginning of the Concept Design phase to set appropriate performance goals for the project. The second design review meeting will be take place to review the preliminary design options proposed by the Architectural and Engineering Consultants. The third design review meeting will review and approve the final design,performance standards, and certification levels for the project. 8. The Department of Public Facilities, under the direction of the Town Manager, will administer the Sustainable Design Process. 9. Projects should be budgeted to accomplish implementation of this policy. 10. The Board of Selectmen strongly encourage development in the private sector within the Town of Lexington undertake a similar policy. 11. This Sustainable Design Policy shall be updated every three years to reflect current best practices in sustainable design and changes in the building code. III. LEXINGTON SUSTAINABLE DESIGN STANDARDS 1. Attachment A: Procurement Requirements for A/E Consultants 2. Attachment B: Lexington Sustainable Building Design Process The Lexington Sustainable Building Design Process defines the specific tasks to be performed during each phase of the design process to achieve the highest attainable health, energy efficiency, energy demand management, onsite renewable energy and resilience standards for the project. 3. Attachment C: Lexington LEED+HER Project Checklist The Lexington LEED+HER Project Checklist identifies the Required (R) and Priority (P) standards for achieving Lexington's health, energy and resilience building standards. III. BACKGROUND The US Green Building Council has identified the following benefits of sustainable design: Environmental benefits: • Enhance and protect ecosystems and biodiversity • Improve air and water quality • Reduce solid waste • Conserve natural resources Economic benefits: • Reduce operating costs • Enhance asset value and profits • Improve employee productivity and satisfaction • Optimize life-cycle economic performance Health and community benefits: • Improve air, thermal and acoustic environments • Enhance occupant comfort and health • Minimize strain on local infrastructure • Contribute to overall quality of life These benefits can be achieved by many design and construction initiatives. They can include items such as: • Effective use of natural daylight and ventilation • Recycling of demolition building components and materials • Recycling of construction waste • Use of construction materials made from or containing recycled materials • Use of materials that are recyclable • Materials that do not require significant natural resources to manufacture • Use of materials that do not contain materials that are harmful to humans or the environment • Site planning measures that are sensitive to the natural environment • Strategies to maximize water efficiency to reduce the burden on the municipal water supply and waste water systems • Strategies to minimize storm water run off • Strategies to enhance energy conservation and efficiency • Incorporation of renewable energy resources such as: wind, solar and geothermal • Commissioning of engineering systems • Proper operation of the buildings once occupied The items noted above are just some of the opportunities available for projects. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design TM(LEEDTM)rating system was developed by the US Green Building Council(USGBC). The USGBC was formed in 1993 to accelerate the adoption of green building practices, technologies,policies, and standards. The USGBC developed LEEDTM to help stimulate green building market transformation. LEEDTM is a third party certification system designed for rating new and existing commercial, institutional, and high-rise residential buildings. The use of LEEDTM helps to establish minimum performance levels, create a common design and construction practices framework, and allows owners to measure its sustainable building performance. IV. REFERENCES This document includes language from the USGBC web site and the City of Portland Oregon's Green Building Policy. Attachment A Town of Lexington Procurement Requirements for Architectural and Engineering (A/E) Consultants The Town of Lexington has established a Sustainable Building Policy utilizing an integrative design process for achieving high performance standards for new construction,renovation and energy system upgrades. Architectural and engineering teams proposing to provide services to the Town of Lexington will be evaluated on the following criteria: Team Composition and Capabilities A/E Teams must include the following: 1. Demonstrated capacity to achieve Lexington requirements for Health, Energy & Resilience 2. Demonstrated experience achieving all LEED or CHPS indoor environmental quality credits 3. Demonstrated experience achieving highest LEED or CHPS performance energy targets 4. Demonstrated experience with low load, high performance buildings &renewable energy 5. Demonstrated experience designing highly resilient buildings 6. Demonstrated success managing integrative design process 7. Energy modeler 8. LEED accredited professional& CHPS accredited professional for school projects 9. Demonstrated ability to design to LEED v4 Gold Level(60 points) to be submitted with a 5 point buffer with actual certification as an additional service 10. Potential to meet LEED v4 Platinum level certification 11. Understanding of LEED Green Building standards, Massachusetts CHPS standards,Net Zero Design, and Living Building Challenge standards A/E Teams must demonstrate the capability of complying with Lexington's Sustainable Design Process and Design Requirements including: 1. Conducting Project Design Review Analysis 2. Performing Life Cycle Cost Analysis 3. Indoor Environmental Quality (Health) 4. Energy Modeling and Onsite Renewable Energy Design 5. Resilience Planning and Energy Demand Management 6. Integrative Design 7. Enhanced Commissioning 8. Measurement and Verification 9. Closeout& Training 10. Public Education Support Evaluation Consultants will be evaluated for their approach to the following, including key team participation in integrative design, LEED certification and resilient design throughout the design and construction process. vi ui N C U O) O) o U O yJ E N N N C n C .° — N vi N U.. 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C: O:O:',�-,:vJ: N_ N. N: Q: :C:.-: 5•w: U:".°:._:�: °�i iO: i s O.-zi �. p; T e i O: _. . C N: "N p: E.y:"ti:isC: U :>: :m: C :m V: N :Q:C:U: : a i0:�: xiwi �iQY�i�i •°2:�+ec: °1 :g �: vm U: e°i i',.r) s :N:�: a°ie Ui s N. .t— e�:O:C: :N °: :Q;°:w:C:U: m E i�:'-: �: a: °: > mi°�i�:"�: Lnn e O: .m: p :E �i ° .0:of o:�. axi a� f;:;i > :ciE: =:a a:n: .:a� ': > wip": g i°J a: ° iCipi ° 3: �: �. v; 02 we~ w: J N Z :O:U:O•p:2:m:0. O•�•E•�: :yJ:J•�: p :��: ++ :O:J:W:'0:t: o > rN �: . o_. °e0: :mow: E iE:U: Ew:a: 0 3eV :V: m:°E�Eo: o :m:m o: QE 3 - E E:. . . . :.m:. :.m. . > . . . E: >: E > E > C, s n0 EU w.o. U w y.y o eUwU Q UM 'U: Attachment C Town of Lexington Sustainable Design Policy-DRAFT November 17,2016 Lexington LEED+HER Project Checklist The Lexington LEED+HER Project Checklist identifies the Required(R)and Priority(P)standards for achieving Lexington's health,energy and resilience building standards. Projects must meet the standards necessary to earn the required LEED credits identified below or equivalent CHPS credits. IR,= lk!mlin �:uf IL.0 lliiot;,,tk!:in II"n"onfii.ulhrod Staundaun'f;$ 11�2 .,.Town of IP,..cxington I12irlcirlty Standards LEED v4 Lexington LEED+HER Project Checklist t Credit 1 Integrative Process 1 Credit 1 LEED for Neighborhood Development Location 15 Credit 2 ... ,.. Sensitive Land Protection.... 1. ...... Credit 3 ....��... ... ..., Hi ... gh Priority S ., ...��.. ite ... ...... . .. ........... .. ....... ...... .,.... . .. ..., . ... ....... ......... ....... .......,2....... .. Credit 4 Surrounding Densit and Diverse Uses 5 W Y edits Access to Quality Transit 4 Credit 6........., .... B1cycle.Fa .. ..... .......................... ............................... ............... ....................... ............ I acilities 1 P�� Credit 7M" ..... .. .... Reduced FarkingMFodtprjnt"' .... .. .... .. .... .. ..... .. .... ... .... .. ,.... ._1......,,...k l q reI it itf 1 Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Re uired TM nly� q re . . Environmental Site Assessment(LEED for Schools onl Re uiredCredit 1 Site Assessment 1 III Credit 2M ... mmMM SiteDevelopment--Protect or RestdreMHabitat M ... M ... M ... M mmMM M2mmMM M IIICredit 3........�.... ... Open Space......,,...... ........�....,... ........,., ................�.. ....,....�..,, .......�......... ............... . .. .1. ...,.,.. Credit 4 .....��..... ...,... .Rainwater Mana Management ...... .....��...............��............... .,.......��.... ...,......��......... ...��.................��.........,3...��......... I� g Credit 5 .... ....��..... ...,.. Heat Island Re...�� ...��......... .....��...............��............... .,.......��.... ...,......��......... ...��.................��... duction 2..�� ....... IC� Credit 6 .. ... Light Pollution Reduction ... . ........ 1 Credit 7 Site Master Plan 1 Credit 8 J.. a .... ...................... ............................... ............... ....................... ............ .. III o int Use of Facilities 1 Credit 7 $ite M,.�...... ..�,.,..... � T�...� .... ndols,onl.... �........... � .....,.,.,.� .... ,.�,.,..... .,.�1............. aster Plan LEED for Sc ( Y) Joint Use of Facilities 1. ....... NNW 1011, 11:,t 'i er.eq "I Outdoor Water Use Reduction Required 11:,t I 1 eI e q `? Indoor Water Use Reduction Required 11:,t I i ere q '3 Building-Level Water Metering Required I� Credit 1 Outdoor Water Use Reduction 2 I� JCredit 2 Indoor Water Use Reduction 7 Credit 3 Cooling Tower Water Use 2 IIGt JCredit 4 Water Metering 1 11:,t 'ier.¢q,q "I Fundamental Commissioning and Verification Required 11:,t I iere q `t Minimum Energy Performance Required 11:,t I 1 t.,r.¢,q '3 Building-Level Energy Metering Required 11:,t 'i ere q f- Fundamental Refrigerant Management Required t Conduct energy modeling based on current and expected climatic conditions in 2050 Required t Meet or exceed the following building envelope standards: Roof Assembly U-Value Required 0.0166,Walls Assembly U-Value 0.0285,Vertical Glazing U-Value 0.25 IIGt All Electric HVAC Design-No onsite fossil fuels used for HVAC Required IIGt Credit 1 Enhanced Commissioning 6 IIGt JCredit 2 Optimize Energy Performance Varies f�2:::::::::: 2p't;s JNew Construction 30% reduction compared to ASHRAE 90.1-2010 or max zEPI score of 40 QDLs JNew Construction 50% reduction compared to ASHRAE 90.1-2010 or max zEPI score of 29 Rn::::22pt:s lRenovation 20% reduction compared to ASHRAE 90.1-2010 or max zEPI score of 46 2 5IlDt:s Renovation 28% reduction compared to ASHRAE 90.1-2010 or max zEPI score of 42 II,t Credit 3 Advanced Energy Meterin 1 I� Credit Demand-Response 2 II,t Credit 5 Renewable Ener Production 3 I� Achieve Net Zero EneTy Design-Local renewable prodl iction offsets project enerqy demand .t Credit 6 Enhanced Refri Brant Mana ement 1 I� Credit 7 Green Power and Carbon Offsets 2 Town of Lexington Sustainable Design Policy-DRAFT November 17,2016 Lexington LEED+HER Project Checklist The Lexington LEED+HER Project Checklist identifies the Required(R)and Priority(P)standards for achieving Lexington's health,energy and resilience building standards. Projects must meet the standards necessary to earn the required LEED credits identified below or equivalent CHPS credits. IR Ik,unrnuo r:uf"IL.0 r llrq]k!:in II"r"onfii.ulhrod q,aaaundaun'f:$ 11�2 ,Town of IP,..cxington I11 i2idcir'tlty Standards r,IR r t ;c '1' Stora e and Collection of Rec clables Required t I 1 eI er "t. Construction and Demolition Waste Mana ement Plannin Required Credit 1 Buildin Life-C cle Im act Reduction 5 Credit 2 Building Product Disclosure and O timization-Environmental Produc 2 Credit 3 Building Product Disclosure and Optimization-Sourcing of Raw Mate 2 Credit 4 Bui Idia Product Disclosure and 02 timization-Material In redients 2 t Credit 5 Construction and Demolition Waste Mana ement 2 �PI£� 131'"tfi Clk3nF[14t11 � 'U1 ff;�s$iwo "fklfl s"' fY?!!!!!"' � it is r "1 ....... Minimum"Indoor Air-Quality-Performance.."""" " ""� "" """Ih" I' � Required t I 1 eI(¢e `t Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control Re wired t I 1 er.er• '3 Minimum Acoustic Performance LEEDTM for Schools,only) Required Achieve Indoor z levels o ppm or less or eachroom during occupiedours y III'Gt Required montiorin CO levels in each room and ad"ustin ventilation to attain tar et. Enhanced Filtration-Particulate matter filters shall have a Minimum Efficiency Reporting t Value(MERV)of 13 or better. Buildings near busy roadways shall have particulate Required matter filters with a MERV of 16 or better. t Credit 1 Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies 2 t Credit 2 Low-Emitting Materials 3 t Credit 3 Construction Indoor Air Qualit Mana ement Plan 1 t Credit 4 Indoor,Air,Quality Assessment 2 t Credit 5 Thermal Comfort 1 t Credit 6 Interior L!2hti22 2 t Credit 7 Daylight 3 t Credit 8 Quality Views 1 t Credit 9 Acoustic Performance 1 Deliver services based on resiliency level during extreme events lasting up to 5 days: Level 1: Public Safety(Police, Fire, Public Services) No interruption of essential services; Level 2:Town Shelter--Full electrical and thermal power necessary for public health& life safety,functional occupancy,food preparation/refrigeration,lighting,internet t connectivity and charging stations; Required Level 3:Continued Operation--Peak demand management systems during normal operation,smart load reduction in emergencies,make ready for mobile or on-site backup/generation to carry load for continued operation; Level 4:Asset Preservation--Electric and thermal power to hold building temperature, provide light&operate building. t Credit 2 LEED Accredited Professional 1 t Credit 1 Regional Priority:Renewable Energy Reduction 1 t Credit 2 Regional Priority: Optimize Energy Performance 1 Credit 3 Regional Priority:Specific Credit 1 Credit 4 Regional Priority:Specific Credit 1 s M q 117s Town of Lexington Office of Community Development Health Division 1625 Massachusetts Avenue Lexington,MA 02420 (781).6984522 Fax(781),.861-2780 Gerard F.Cody, R,E.H.S./R,S. Board of Health Health Director Wendy Heiger-Bernays,PhD,Chair Sharon MacKenzie,R.N.,CCM David Neylon,B.S.N.,RX Burt M.Perlmutter, M.D. Public Health Nurse David S.Geller,M.D. John J.Flynn,J.D. Kathy P.Fox,R.S.,C.H.O.,C.F.S.P, Environmental Health Agent TO: Patrick Goddard, Director of Public Facilities FROM: Gerard Cody, Health Director 0`4 DATE: December 18, 2015 RE: Carbon dioxide .......................................................................................................... Recently, you asked the Lexington Board of Health and the Public Health Division if a Carbon dioxide decrease from 720 ppm to 560 ppm would have a health benefit for building occupants. On Wednesday December 16, 2015, the Lexington Board of Health reviewed several documents related to indoor air quality. Below, you will find a list of the documents that were reviewed; 1.) Ventilation Rates and Health, ASHRAE Journal, August 2002 2.) Ventilation Rates and Absences in Qjjices and Schools, IAQ Science 3.) Ventilation Rates and Respiratory Illness, IA Q Science 4.) Ventilation Rates and School Performance, IA Q Science 5.) Carbon Dioxide and it's Use in Evalitating Adequacy of Ventilation in Buildings, Appendix A, MDPH report Indoor air quality will improve with increased air flow rate, however, it is inconclusive as to what health benefits occupants may experience or perceive to experience. A document from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health,(MDPH) titled, "Carbon Dioxide and it's Use in Evaluating Adequacy of Ventilation in Buildings"states in part that "a guideline of 600 ppin or less is preferred in schools due to the fact that the majority of occupants are your and considered to be a more sensitive population". The Lexington Board of Health is in agreement with the MDPH document which establishes a guideline of 600 parts per million, ( pm) or less of Carbon dioxide in schools is preferred. AppendIX A. Carbon Dioxide and its Use in Evaluating Adequacy of Ventilation in Buildings The Bureau of Environmental Health's (BEH) Indoor it Quality(JAQ) Program examines indoor air quality conditions that may have an effect on building occupants, The status of the ventilation system, potential moisture problems,'microbial growth and identification of respiratory imfiants are examined in detail, which are described in the attached report. In order to examine [he function of the ventilation system, measurements for carbon dioxide, temperature and relative humidity are taken. Carbon dioxide measurements are commonly used to assess the adequacy of ventilation within an indoor environment., Carbon dioxide is an odorless, colorless gas. It is found naturally in the environment and is produced in the respiration process of livingbeings, Another source of carbon dioxide is the burning of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is approximately 250- 600 ppm (Beard, 1982; NIOSH, 1987). Carbon dioxide measurements within an occupied building are a standard method used to gauge the adequacy of'ventilation systems. Carbon dioxide is used in this process for a number of reasons.. Any occupied building will have, normally occurring environmental pollutants [n its interior. Human beings produce waste heal, moisture and carbon dioxide as by-products of the respiration process. Equipment, plants, cleaning products or supplies normally found in any building can produce gases, vapors, fumes or dusts when in use. If a building has an adequately operating mechanical ventilation system, these normally occurring environmental pollutants will be dilluted and rernoved from the interior of the building. The introduction of fresh air both increases the cornfoirt of the occupants and serves to dilute normally occum—ng environmental pollutants. Appendix A, page I AppendIx A An operating exhaust ventilation system physically removes air from a room and thereby rerinoves environmental pollutants. The operation of supply in conjunction with the exhaust ventilation systern cireMes air-flow through a room, which increases the comfort of the occupants. If all or part of the ventilation systern becomes inon-functional, a build up of normally occurring environmental pollutants may occur, resulting in an increase in the discomfort of occupants. The MDPH approach to resolving indoor,air quality problems in schools and public buildings is generally two-fold: () improving ventilation to dilute and remove environmental pollutants and 2)reducing or eliminating exposure oppoilunities rrom mi a-terk-Ils that may be adversely affecting indoor air quality. In the case of an odor complaint of unknown origin, it is common for BEH staff to receive several descriptions from building occupants. A description of odor is subjective, based on the individual's life experiences and perception. Rather than test for a potential series of thousands of chemicals to identify the unkno%via material, carbon dioxide is used to judge the adequacy of airflow as it both dilutes and removes indoor air environmental pollutants. As previously mentioned,carbon dioxide is used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate air exchange by building ventilation systems. The presence of increased levels of carbon dioxide in indoor air of'buildings is atuibuted to occupancy. As individuals breathe, carbon dioxide is exhaled. The greater the number of occupants, the greater the amount of carbon dioxide produced. Carbon dioxide concentration build up in indoor environments is attributed to inefficient or non Ainctioning venfflation systerns. The cc gnat Safely and.Health Administration.(OSHA.)standw°d for carbon dioxide,is,5,,000 parts per Elmo" of air(ppm). Workers may be exposed to this level for 40 hours,'week, based an a time-weighted average (OSHA, 1997) Appendix A., Haag c 2 Appendlix A Carbon dioxide can be a hazard within enclosed areas with no air supply. These types of enclosed areas are known as confined spaces.. Manholes, mines and sewer systems are examples of confined spaces. An ordinary building is not considered a confined space. Carbon dioxide air exposure limits for employees and the general public have been established by a number of governmental health and industrial, safety groups. Each of these standards of air concentrations is expressed in parts per million (ppm). Table I is an listing of carbon dioxide air concentrati oils and related health effects and standards. The MDPH uses a gruideline of 800 ppm for publicly occupied buildings(Burge et al., 1990, Gold, 1992;Norback, 1990; OSHA, 1994; Redlich, 1997; IRosens tare k, 1996; SMA A, 1998). A guideline of 600 ppm or less is preferred in schools due to the fact that the maJority of occupants are young and considered to be a more sensitive population in the evaluation of environmental health status.. Severa,I sources indicate that indoor air problems are sig nab cant1Y reduced at 600 pprn or less of carbon dioxide(ACGIH, 1998; Bright et al., 1992; Hill, 1992; NIOS11.4, 1987), Inadequate ventilation and/or elevated temperatures are major causes of complaints such as respiratory, eye, nose and throat irritation, lethargy and headaches. Air levels for carbon dioxide that indi6e that indoor air quality may be a problem have been established by the American Society of Heating, Reffigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers(ASHRAE), Above 1,000 ppm of carbon dioxide, ASHRAE recommends adjustment of the building's ventilation system, (ASHRAE, 1989). In 2001, ASFMAE modified their standard to indicate that no more than '700 pp m. above the outdoor air concentration., however 800 ppm is the level where further investigation wi III occur. Carbon dioxide itself has no acute(short-tenn)health effects associated with low level exposure(below 5,000 ppm). The main effect of carbon dioxide involves its ability to displace Appendix A, page 3 Appendix A oxygen for the air in a confined space. As oxygen is inhaled,carbon dioxide levels build up in the confined space, with a decrease in oxygen content in the available air. This displacement of oxygcn makes carbon dioxide as simple asphyxiant. At carbon dioxide levels oF30,000 pprin, severe headaches, difffise sweating, and labored breathing have been,reported. rNothkonic , heal th e ffects are reported at air le veis Wow 5,0.00 pOrn., Air testirig is one method used to determine whether carbon dioxide levels exceed the cornfort levels recommended. If carbon dioxide levels are over 800-1,000 purr,,, the MDPH recoinmends adjustment of the building's ventilafion system. iffie MDM recommends that imrrective measures be taken at levels above 900 ppm of carbon dioxide in office buildings or scan 66-19. (Please note that carbon dioxide levels micasuired below 800 ppRn may not decrease indoor air quality complaints)., Sources of cinvironmental Ipofluattsantts indoors can often induce symptoms in exposed individuals regardless of the adequacy of the ventilation system. As an example, an idling bus outside as building may have n-ifinirnal rffect on carbon dioxide levels,but can be a source of carbon monoxide, patticulates and odors via the ventilation system. Thereflore, the MDPH strategy of adequate ventilation coupled with pollutant source reduction/rcimoval serves to improve indoor air quality in a building. Please note that each table included in the IAQ assessment lists BEH comfort levels fbr carbon dioxide levels at the bottom (Le, carbon dioxide levels behvecia 600 ppm to 800 ppm are acceptable and<600 ppin is preferable). While carbon dioxide levels are important, focusing ori these air measurements in isolation to sail other recommendations is a misinterpretation of the recommendations made in these assessments. Appendix A,page 4 Appendix A Table : Carbon Dioxide Air Level Standards s S[�.,, [1 ��� ne C'�rn �rntru�tOrDrn5 lan �nbie�t€nlr 13e�rd, I�p� , 1 �? _. ,,,, .,,,mmmmo . .... .............. IS , 197 00 p rn None Few indoor it complaints,� ,,„ use,,,,,.. s... � , 19 , reference for air exchange for Bright et a1., 1992;; protection of children Hill, 1992; ...... .....mmmm............ ............................................ . ,, RBI 1987 1111 p None Used ,,,,,,,,, n...irndic tuiir..of ventilation �..... ndl r, 2003 adequacy In schools and public Bell, A. A., 2 ; buildings, used as reference for air NCOSP, 1 98; exchange °rnir protection of children SMACNA, 199 ; , 1997; Redlich, 1997; use stock, 199 ; OSHA., 1994; Gold, 1992; Burge et al, 1990; orbnck,, 1990 ; MPH, Unknown ¢ „....—`­­ mm ,,M..... ............... ,,,,,,,,.,,,,8 100 ppr None Used as an indicator ofve�ventilation 1989 lnadego.uacy concerning removal of odors frru,,. ..,the ,interior of it rn 9t -I 1.1 p r.. ... fi�rur�e nOr of rerAtrOtrn ASHRAEm ,,....._..... q 1999 ,. ,,,, inadequacy conceming removal f odors from the interior of bui! i. 70 rrn (over None 1,,lse s an indicator of vecn `1tunrrn ASHRAE, 2001 background' inadequacy concerning removal f er ,ers fu°r the interior of lldrn 5000 ppm No acute(short Permissible Exposure Limit/Threshold ACGIH, 1999 term)or chronic Limit Value OSHA, 1997 (long-term)health effects ,000 rrn verc headaches, �,.�c:rrt-tern,Exposure Limit .m... ......��_........... ...... �. ....ACGIH„...1 ,,,,,,.. 999 diffuse sweating, ACGIK 1986 and labored brute j n outdoor carbon dioxide nic umm gat+700 ppm Appendix A, page 5 Apden.dix .A References ACGIH. 1986. Documentation of the Threshold Limit 'Values. American Conference of Governomentall Industnal Hygienists. Cincinnati, H. ACUH. 1998. Industrial Ventilation A Manual of Rccornmended Practice. 23rd Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Cincinnati, OH. ACGIH. 1999. Guide to Occupational Exposures-1999, American Conference of Governmental[ Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH. AS 1989. Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers. ANSI/ASH RAE 62-1989. ASHRAE., 1999. Ventilation for Acccptablc Indoor Air Quality. American Society of Heating, Ref geration and Air Conditioning Engineers. ANSI/ASHRA.E 62-1999.. ASHRAE. 200 1. Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air QL10fity. Arnedcan Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engincers. ANSI/ASHRAE 62-2001. Beard, R.R. 1982. Chapter Fifty two, Inorganic Compounds of Oxygen, Nitrogen,and Carbon. Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Val, 11c. 3rd ed Clayton, G. D. & Clayton, F. E., eds. John Wiley& Sons, New York, 114Y. Bright, P.; Mader, M.; Carpenter, D.; and Hermon Cruz, is 1992. Guideline flor Indoor Air Surveys. Brooks Air Force Base,TX Annstrong 1-aboratery, Occupational and Environmental Health Directorate. NTIS AL-TR-1992-0016. Burge, 1-1. and Hoyer, M. 1990.. Focus On ... Indoor Air Quality. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg.. 5(2):88. EA. 11997. Indoor Air Quality, Environment Australia,-Department of thc Environment, Sport and Territories, Canberra, Australia. .P�Lbs 12indqEq-aff Gol,d, III 1992, Indoor Air Pollution. Clinics in Chest Medicine. 13(2):224-225. Hill, B.; Craft, B.; and Bur kart, J. 1992. Carbon Dioxide, Particulates and Subjective Human Responses in Office Buildings without Histories of Indoor Air ualit. Problems. Appl. Occup.. Einviron. Hyg. 7(2): 101-11L IDPH. Unknown. Illinois DepaFtment of Public Health Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality. Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, 11. wwm.id C 1,011M............. ...................I-- Mendler, S. and Odell, W. 2003, Indoor Air Quality for the EPA. ArchilertureWeek. April 16, 2003. IMP:,,www,arcl-titectuircwcck.coin/2003 0416"environment k2.111hril Appendix A,page 6 Appendix A NCO SR. 1998. Workplace Requirements for Safety& Health, Indoor Air Quality 3.3.3. NC Office of State Personnel, Raleigh, NC. h1iff. �safct�vhandb�ook. ff NIOSK 1987. Guidance for Indoor Air Quality Investigations. Cincinnati3OH. National Institute for Occupational Safcty and Health, Hazards Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation and Field Studies, Norback, D., Tor en, M.; and dling, C., 1990. 'Volatile Organic Compounds, Respirable Dust, and Personal Factors Related to Prevalence and Incidence of Sick Building Syndrome in Primary Schools. British Joumal of industrial Medicine. 47:740. 0SHA. 1994. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Indoor Air Quality(Proposed Regulation), Federal Register 59:15968-16039., (1994) Appendix .A. OSHA. 1997. Limits for Air Contaminants. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Code of Federal Regulations, 29 C.F.111 1910.1000 Table Z-1-A. Redlich, C.; Sparer,, J.; and Cullen, M. 1997. Sick-building Syndrome. Lancet. 349:1016. Rosenstock, L. 1996. NIOSH Testimony to (lie U.S., Department of Labor on Air Quality, Appl. Occup., Environ, Hyg. I p(12):1368. SMACNA. 1998, Indoor Air Quality. A Systems Approach. P ed, Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association, Inc, Chantilly, VA. National Association, ine, Appendix A, page 7 The following article was published in ASHRAE Journal,August 2002.0 Copyright 2002 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air, Conditioning Engineers,Inc. It Is presented for educational purposes only. This article may not be copied andlor distributed electronically or in paper form without permission of ASHRAEVentilation Rates and Health y 011i - en,Fellow ASHRAE,William 1.Fisk,P.E.,Member ASH .and Mark1.Mendell,Ph.D. hile ventilation rat s do not directlyaffect occupant healthr personal,job,and most building charac- perception outcomes, they affectindoor environmental a i- teristics are unchanged when ventilation rates are modified. Some residual con- tions including air pollutant concentrations i e c - founding can occur due to parameters that pants' health or perceptions. This article summarizes review may change which may vary among the SeppAnen, et I. of currentliterature relationship of ventilation expert ental periods,such as indoor tem- perature. The review included only ex- rates and carbon dioxideconcentrations innon-residential a - perimental studies that met study quality industrial uil i s (primarily offlc s) with the healthuil in 's criteria,as described in the original paper s a primary indicator of themagni- tude i occupants' perceptions indoor it all of ventilation rate,this review used (I ). The review i s to providescientific is for setting outdoor airflow rate per person(cfrn per health-relatedventilation standards. i summary focusesprimarily person).This was the most commonly re- on the ported ventilation rate etric i the re- ventilation t studies. viewed studies,and the metric often used in codes and standards. In many studies, The review considered three human from ultiple buildings or building only the rate of mechanical outside air responses due to their widespread occur- spaces and analyzed with statistical o - supply was measured,thus,the easre- rence and potentially great economic els,A major weakness of this study e- ments did not account for additional ven- i pact: communicable respiratory ill- sign is that many factors other than tilation caused by air infiltration. nesses such as common colds and iu- ventilation rates, which vary among Many studies assessed the association enza; sick building syndrome (S ) buildings, may influence health out- of ventilation rates with multiple health symptoms such as eye, nose and throat comes, confounding the association of or perception outcomes (e.g., influenza irritation, headache, tight chest, and ventilation rate with health outcome, and total respiratory illness)or performed wheeze, which decrease when the indi- The criteria for including cross-sec- multiple analyses using different catego- vi ual leaves the building;and perceived tional studies in the review were:at least ries of ventilation rates or di fferent sub- unacceptability or poor quality of air. three buildings or ventilation zones,sta- sets of study data. Consequently, many The review included almost 30,000 tistical analysis of results,and control in studies provided multiple"assessments" subjects in 20 ventilation rate studies,and the statistical analyses for confounding of the associations of ventilation rates ore than 350 buildings. Most studies by personal factors such as gender.Many with human outcomes.Therefore,in the included office workers,but some studies of these studies also controlled for o- subsequent discussion we often refer to were performed with special groups in- tential confounding by some job,build- assessments. eluding army trainees, elderly nursing ing,and indoor environmental factors. home residents,jail inmates, pupils in The second major type of study is an About the Authors schools, and hospital personnel. experimental or intervention study.In one Ili Seppinen is a professor at the Helsinki ni- i Ta types of fields versty of Technology, Laboratory for Heating, dies were i - or ore buildings or spaces,the Vetila- ventilating and Air Conditioning, Espoo, Finland. eluded in the review. In crass-sectional lion rate was set sequentially at two or William I.Fisk,PE.,Is head of the Indoor nvi- studies,data on health(or perceived IA ) more values and the health outcomes were ronment Department at Lawrence Berkeley Na- outcomes, ventilation rates, and other recorded at each ventilation rate. Much tional Laboratory, Berkeley,Calif, Mark J.Mendell,Ph.D,is an epidemiologist at relevant factors that may influence of the potential confounding was ell i- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berke- health or perceived TAQ were collected naled with this type of study.For example, ley, Calif. 56 August 20021ASHRAE Journal IEQ Studies used statistical models to quantify the strength and lenceof SBS symptornswith increases in ventilation rate,Each of statistical significance of the associations between ventila- these studies took place during winter in a cold dry climate,We tion rates and health outcomes. As a measure of strength of hypothesize that the very low indoor humidity that occurs with associations,we use the percentage change in the prevalence high ventilation rates in such climates may have caused the in- of the health outcome estimated from results presented within crease in symptoms. the original papers, When we use the to "statistically sig- Perceived 1AQ and ventilation rates.Seven ofeight studies nificant," it means that a less than 5%probability exists that found a statistically significant worsening in perceived IAQ as the reported association between ventilation rate and a health ventilation rates decreased, while one study had the opposite outcome is the result of chance. finding, Carbon ioxi a studies.The review included 21 carbon di- Results oxide concentration studies Communicable res iram involving more than 30,000 tory illnesses and ventilation subjects in more than 400 rates. Only three studies of .ww buildings-Marc than half of communicable respiratory ill- pu the assessments found that a nesses were included in the , u iohuiui' utu it uum""�� � �16iiuui illi'u hlgh4'r CO, concentration review. These studies took C0rnrreunie;aab! was significantly associated lace in a military barracks,a 8spiratory 51%;03%e p � Illness or a a(o} 9 °t;; 120%to With a worsening of at least nursing home, and a jail.All a Short-Term 970°�lr one outcome,,generally SFAS found a statistically signifi- Absence symptom revalence orper- cant increase in the preva- Usually 10%to ceived air quality As such, lence of illness in the group SBS 27 (a} 1 ;>8 In the results of the studies on with a lower ventilation Symptoms assessments rate. ( 4 to } the association of con- The percentage increases in ; centrations with health and respiratory illness with a lower perceived Less 60%to 1 Eo p ry Satisfactory � 7(1} f�s�} perceived lAt� outcomes ventilation rate varied be- I Q support the findings of an as- .............n ,,,, - _� .,,. twain 50®/° and 12 °!®, with ale r Srr of a r firr it s of human outcomes in sociation of ventilation rates one outlier of 70%.A fourth reviewed steadies. with outcomes. study within a set of office buildings found a statistically significant 5 %increase in short- Discussion and Limitations term absence with lower ventilation rates. Short-term absence This review provides persuasive evidence that health and per- may be a surrogate for communicable respiratory illness. ceived air quality will usually improve with increased outside S symptoms and ventilation rates.Twenty of 27 assess- air ventilations The full paper examines several potential sources ants found a statistically significant increase in the preva- of bias, but identified none likely to explain the overall find- lence of one or more types of SBS symptoms as ventilation ings.Nevertheless,there are several important limitations in the rates decreased.Sixteen of these assessments found a statistic current data and associated knowledge.Most studies were per- cally significant increase in the prevalence of more than half formed in Europe and most were in office buildings.Few studies of the reported types of SBS symptoms.The results of several ave been performed in hot, humid climates. Relatively few studies suggested that the risk of S S symptoms continues to studies ofcommunicable respiratory illness have been reported, decrease as ventilation rates increase above 20 cf (9 Us)per The benefits of increasing ventilation rates above 20 c (9 Us) person,the minimum rate for offices in A S /ASI I Stan- per person are less certain than the benefits of increasing venti- dard 2-1 99, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. lation rates up to 20 c (9 Us)per occupant.Existing data do However,the benefits of increasing ventilation rates above 20 not indicate whether outside air supply per person or per unit c (9 Us)per person were less consistent than the benefits of floor area is more strongly associated with health and perceived increasing ventilation rates up to 20 c (9 Us)per person. lA .Finally,the reasons for improved health and perceived air e percentage increase its SBS symptoms with lower ventila- quality with increased ventilation are uncertain. tion rates varied widely. In nine assessments,the prevalence of at least one symptom increased by more than 80%.The results Practical Implications of one of the largest studies implies that,on average,a 10 cm(5 The available data indicate that occupant health and per- Us) per person increase in ventilation rate would reduce the ceived IAQ will usually be improved by avoiding ventilation prevalence of the most common symptoms by more than rates below 20 cf (9 /s) per occupant and indicate that one-third. further improvements in health and perceived IAQ will some- Three assessments found a significant increase in the preva- times result from higher ventilation rates up to 40 cf ( S ASHRAE JournallAugust 2002 5 7 °' ASHRAE journal < � Lls) per person, These findings are relatively consistent for Acknowledgments office buildings located in cold or moderate climates, but This review was supported with a grant from the Finnish less certain for other building types and climates. Academy and by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency The limitations in the existing data point to several research and Renewable Energy,Office of Building Technology,State, needs. Some of the pressing needs include research on the and Community Programs, Office of Building Research and benefits of increasing ventilation rates above 20 c1m per occu- Standards of the US.Department of Energy(DOE)under con- pant, research involving schools and retail buildings, and re- tract No.DE-AC03-76SF0O098. search within hot, humid climates. Because increases in ventilation may increase building energy consumption, re® Bibliography search is also needed to identify practical methods of decreas- Seppdncn 0,A., WJ, Fisk® MI Mendell. 1999. "Association or ink minimum ventilation requirements by reducing indoor ventilation rates ands -concen tions with health and other responses pollutant emissions or by increasing the effectiveness of vent® in commercial and institutional buildings."Internadonal Journal of tilation in controlling pollutant exposures. IndvarAirQuality and Gion ate pp.2526274,0 Advertisement in fire print edition jartnerly in this space. 51 R August 2002'ASHRAE Journal Ventilation ate Absences in Offices and Schools ILIndoor Air Quality (IA ) cis ti... Page I of 1 MI. jn a , SCIENTIFIC FINDINGS III 5eafjch Ventilation Rates and Absences in Offices and Schools lll'� t t-� Gc .III ...ti.:...wl �' ,. I ' tnC ': ......_... .... 2,0e.. "..... ..... ' ......................................................i. Four studies have investigated linkages between ventilation rates and absentee rates in offices and schools; two were performed in offices[29,30] and two in elementary grade classrooms[21,31].The three large studies,one o#40 offices[29],the second o#434 classrooms[21],and the third of 162 classrooms[31]assessed absence overat least full year periods. In the lame office study,a 35 decrease in short term absence was associated with a � doubling of ventilation rate from 25 to 50 cfm per person,corresponding to a 1.4%decrease in absence per 1 cfm per person increase in ventilation rate. f�� 1 �,� ����;I' ;�„ The second office building study[30]found no association of sick leave with building carbon dioxide concentrations as indicators of ventilation rates; however,this study included only two buildings and had experimental periods that did not integrate over the earl cycle of respiratory disease. In p � yearly Y p ry one classroom study[21],on average,for each 100 pp decrease in the difference between indoor and outdoor CO,concentrations there was a 1 . �....._„ .. ,,,.� to 2%relative decrease in the absence rate.Given the relat onsNo Uvent- in[Q#—co2j of CO2 concentrations with ventilation rates,for each 1 cfm per person increase in ventilation rate, it is estimated that the relative decrease in absence rates is approximately 0. to 2 .This relationship applies over an estimated ventilation rate range of 5 to 0 cfm/person,andshould not be applied outside those limits.In the second classroom study[ 1],for each 2.1 cfm per student increase in ventilation rate,on average illness absence decreased by 1.6 . Data relating building ventilation rates and absence rates are very limited. In summary,the limited available data suggest that modest decreases in absence rates could be obtained by increasing building ventilation rates.The expected decreases in absence rates in offices are lame enough to be financially significant(see the section of th's web Bite Urierformance- SuMn2aW on Impacts of Indoor Env ron eats on Human Performance and Productivity).In some school districts, income from government sources is linked to days of student attendance;thus, increased ventilation rates may increase school district income. http://www.iaqscience.lbi.gov/vent-absences 11 / 15 Ventilation Rates and Respiratory Illness Indoor Air Quality (IA ) Scientific Findings ... Page iL`......... ��.I:'8SCIENTIFIC FINDINGS RESOURCE BANK i Search Ventilation ' Enoiish [sip un�ts4(Nent„Illlnessi I tojj,Eii (e.�.�°,i� , :i. .p.; l;,ii'::I.1.:!....�..f...2 .. When people cough and sneeze,they can expel bacteria and viruses into the indoor air.For some types of common respiratory illnesses, inhalation of these bacteria or viruses can lead to infection and illness."these illnesses may also be transmitted by direct person-to�person contacts and other means.In ° theory, increased ventilation can reduce respiratory illness rates by lowering /f t a and viruses,and thereby decrease sickness absence rates(see next sectionL er�t. se cesl). Three stu ies of ventilation and respiratory illness(one performed in military barracks,one in a jail,and one in a nursing home)found an increase in respiratory illness with very love ventilation rates compared to substantially 1 higher ventilation rates(2.5 versus 20 cfrn per person,8 versus 26 cfrn per / person,4 versus 6 cfrn per person [24]), In these studies[25-27],the percentage increase in respiratory illness in buildings or spaces with the lower,compared to higher,ventilation rates ranged from approximately 5046 to 370%.Similar results might be expected in other high density buildings such as school classrooms,though no data are available. However,:it is not clear that effects of ventilation rate on respiratory illness would be comparable in more typical buildings with lower occupant density. In a recent literature review performed by a multidisciplinary panel(28],a broader set of evidence was considered to evaluate the role of both ventilation rates and Indoor airflow patterns in respiratory disease.The review panel concluded that"there is strong and sufficient evidence"to demonstrate that lower ventilation rates and indoor airflow from infected to uninfected people are associated with increased transmission of infectious diseases"such as measles,tuberculosis, chickenpox, influenza,smallpox and SAII Based on the literature reviewed,the panel stated "This evidence supports the use of negatively pressurized isolation rooms for patients with these diseases in hospitals........However,the panel also concluded that the available data were insufficient to form a basis forspecifying the minimum ventilation rates needed to limit infectious disease transmission in various types of buildings. http://www.iaqscience.lbl.gov/vent-illness 12/ 6/2015 Ventilation Rates and School Performance � Indoor Air Quality ( ) Scientific Findings Page I of t � .........YJ I E;'] SCIENTIFIC FINDINGS RESOURCE BANK sy Ventilation Rates and School Performance i Sears English(IP Unitsl (/vent-scho ll I Metric[5 Units}(/si/ventmsc col) Four studies in schools have investigated the linkage of ventilation rates to objectively measured,as apposed to self-reported, school work performance.A Norwegian study[12] performed in 35 classrooms located in eight schools used � ' reaction tunes in a standard test to measure student concentration and vigilance. Reactions were 5.4%faster with a ventilation rate of 8.1 air changes per hour(ach) corresponding to 26 cfm per person compared to 2.6 ach(g cfm per person),A U.S. �w u study[13]in 5th grade classrooms from 100 schools, used student performance in standard academic tests as the measure of performance. In 87 classrooms, ventilation rates were less than the 15 cfm per student minimum ventilation requirement in the ventilation standard applicable at the time of the study[14].In these classrooms, performance in both math and reading tests increased with ventilation rate.The percentage of students passing the standardized math test increased by 2.9%(95%confidence interval was 0.9%to 4.8%)for each 2.1 cfm per student increase in ventilation rate.The percentage of students passing the standardized reading test increased by 2.7%( 5%confidence interval was 0.5%to 4.9 )for each 2.1 cfm per person increase in ventilation rate.The analysis controlled for the socioeconomic status of the students and the number of students transferring into and out of the schools.These findings were highly statistically significant,i.e., unlikely to be chance findings.When data from all 100 classrooms were considered, test sores in bath math and reading sores increased as ventilation rates increased to approximately 15 cfm per student but then test sores diminished,on average,at higher ventilation rates. However,there was a great deal of variability in test scores from the small number of schools with the highest ventilation rates,thus,the trends in test scores as ventilation rates increased above 15 cfm was highly uncertain, In a Danish study performed within four classrooms[15-17], argocki and wyon used performance tasks representing various aspects of schoolwork, from reading to mathematics that were embedded into the normal school work The speed and accuracy of task performance was assessed.This.study reported an 6 increase in speed of school work tasks with a doubling of ventilation rate.There was no statistically significant Influence of ventilation rate on the number of errors made by students.Figure 3 provides more detailed results from this study. r.�P Ventilation Rates and School Performance I Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Scientific Findings ... Page 2 of 2 R'=0,02.NOW 120- 120 lio- 110-i .......... 100- 100 .............. go11- WzO,43,P<0,001 90 110- so 704------ Zo 70 0 5 10 15 20 25 a 5 10 1s 20 25 Outdoor Air Supply Rate(efill per person) Outdoor Air Supply Rate iI per person) Figure 3.Student performance versus ventilation rate based on study in Denmark[17].Performance was based on the speed(left figure)and accuracy(right figure)of completing various school work tasks.The various data points represent results from multiple experiments and multiple types of work tasks,(Figure 3 reproduced with permission.] In Japan® college student performance in classroom settings and in a laboratory setting on standardized tests was evaluated at different ventilation rates[IS, 19]. In three tests implemented in the field study,one on theory and two involving memorization, performance improved 5.4%,8.7%,and 5.9%,respectively,with increases in ventilation rate from 0.4 to 3.5 ach(approximately 1.6 to 15 cfm per person).The laboratory study included only tests of memorization performance,and had results similar to those from the field study, However, in these studies, the ventilation rates per person at the lower air exchange rates were very low even for classrooms, e.g., less than 2 cfm per person. In addition, these studies intentionally did not disentangle the effects of ventilation and temperature.Temperatures were higher by approximately 4'F in the low-ventilation conditions,as they would be in a building cooled by the outdoor air supply. Higher temperatures, in the temperature ranges encountered in this study,averaging 813*F in the low ventilation condition, have been shown to reduce work performance[20].Thus,these two studies do not provide information about how ventilation rates affect student performance when temperature is maintained constant, but the studies do indicate the combined effect of ventilation and temperature on school work. As discussed in a later section®higher classroom ventilation rates have also been linked to a reduction in student absence®which,in turn, may improve student learning, In summary,while the relevant research is not extensive,the available scientific literature indicates the potential for 5%to 10%increases in aspects of student performance and moderately higher pass rates in standardized math and reading tests with increased classroom ventilation rates.Ventilation rates in roughly half of U.S.public elementary school classrooms appear to be less than specified in codes(21-23]; thus,the opportunities for increasing student performance by increasing ventilation rates may be substantial. �4I��Illli nvidin 7M ron menta u i eves The Leading Source for Environmentally Responsible Design & Construction A Publication of BuildingGreen, Inc. www.BuildingGreen.com Volume 25, Number 1 1 . November 2016 Clean, Fresh Air: Getting What We Need "MoRk Human health probably benefits from more fresh air than probably not supplying enough of it. current ventilation standards require. But pulling in outdoor air can That's because our ventilation stan- mean pulling in pollution. dards have a long history, and one that quickly diverged from its original by Candace Pearson concern for human health. If you're designing an expensive, dynamic response natural ventilation It all started when doctors during the Crimean War(1853-1855)noticed high-end office tower,you'd better be systems as well as driving innovations that diseases spread faster in crowded sure the people inside of it can do their in filtering strategies.Yet surprisingly, hospitals with poor ventilation.As best work. So as Ben Tranel,AIA,prin- we still don't really know how much a result,the American Society of cipal at Gensler,began working on the fresh air is optimal for human health Tower at PNC Plaza in Pittsburgh,he or productivity,or what exactly about (ASHeating and Ventilation Engineers thought a lot about air. that air is beneficial. So while vast enHVE)accepted a minimum v quantities of air quality data may soon ventilation rate of 29 cubic feet per "When people are working their be available, some answers will likely minute (cfm)per occupant. hardest,you always hear them say remain shrouded in haze. As improvements in hygiene 'Let's go out and get some fresh air,"' Tranel told BuildingGreen. "They say became more effective at controlling that because they want to get more Ventilation Standards Are contagion,however,researchers Not Health began to question the need for such Based on Odor, oxygen—to feel the variability of the high rates and instead began to talk breeze.We wanted to see if we could If there's one thing the experts can in terms of comfort and preference. create that feeling." agree on about fresh air, it's that we're Researchers developed a metric The firm thus set out to design the 33-story LEED Platinum tower to be %0 completely naturally ventilated for much of the year.But they ran into a problem. Pittsburgh is ranked the eighth-most polluted city in the U.S. for year-round particle pollution by the American Lung Association and is fourteenth for short-term particle pollution. This conundrum is not unique. N, Increasingly,the desire to provide more fresh air to our interiors—driven j �S, especially by recent research that links fresh air with heightened cognitive performance—is colliding with the realization that there might not always be fresh air to be had. All of this has given rise to a new - - - market for air quality sensor technol- Photo co���e zho�Photography Ogles,which are quality the way for The Tower at PNC Plaza overcame outdoor air quality issues and found a way to employ natural ventilation with this punctuated facade. Environmental Building News • November 2016 Copyright©2016 BuildingGreen, Inc.All rights reserved. called the"olf"—short for olfactory creep back up.By this time, unit—in the 1920s and 30s to re reto - the American Society of � ¢��h ✓oi , / � 'i✓ sent the smell generated by a recently Heating,Refrigerating andi% � ✓�� ✓� showered human of average size Air-Conditioning Engineers wearing clean underwear and clothing (ASHRAE)Standard 62.1 while sedentary.Ventilation rates were was the industry reference ' designed to offset olfs. for commercial buildings, yt✓, and minimum outdoor flow Soon after,carbon dioxide (COI) rates increased in 1989 and became a measurable proxy for again in 1999 back up to the same idea. CO itself was con- z around 20 cfm per person. sidered benign except at very high On the residential side, '��� " rv ' concentrations over 5,000 arts per r p p ventilation requirements million (ppm),but was found to changed significantly in image:Wellcome images.License:cc By a.o. be a pretty good indicator for the the 2013 standard,jumping Florence Nightingale's work was made even more difficult concentrations of bioeffluents—the from 1 cfm per 100 ft2 to by poor ventilation in the overcrowded hospitals she worked particulates,biological aerosols, and 3 cfm per 100 ft2. in during the Crimean war.It was during this time that the p connection between airflow and the spread of contagious diseases other contaminants that are emitted was established. by human occupants(i.e.,body Yet the discussion has odors). In 1936, a study by C.P.Yaglou continued to center on He points to research linking asthma suggested that maintaining levels of preference levels of bioeffluents. To and other chronic diseases with CO2 under 1,000 ppm correlated with this day,current ventilation stan- developed nations. "We are creating most people being happy with the air dards are designed so that at least a generation of fragile human beings quality. On that basis,ventilation rates 80% of people don't have complaints that will live longer,but have chronic were cut in half to 15 cfm per occupant about odors in the air. (Practitioners diseases because they spend so much in the American Standards Association still widely use 1,000 ppm of CO2 as time indoors. There is definitely some- code in 1946. a general threshold to stay under, thing about people spending more although ASHRAE does not include time in the fresh air that is related to The risk of going too low CO2 recommendations anymore health." and instead factors in comfort with The energy crisis of the 1970s hit, and CO2 levels when it comes up with In fact,one studv found that with ventilation rates were slashed to just its dual metric of cfm per ftz and every 1,000 ppm increase in CO2 5 cfm per person just as the industry cfm per person). Not only does this levels, student absences increased by began to build more airtight,energy- methodology not acknowledge CO as 10%-20%.Another correlated higher Z efficient buildings. This time it was too a pollutant itself(more on that debate levels of ventilation with reduced sick much,without the usual air infiltra- leave at a large manufacturing plant. later),but it also arguably does a poor tion providing a source for fresh air, job even at the one thing it's supposed ASHRAE code makers themselves air pollutants began building up to be handling.Wherever you are right admit that they don't take into account indoors and people got sick(see The now,the air might be so stale that 20% what is optimal for health. "Essentially IAO Challenge: Protecting the Indoor of you are stuck smelling the body it is a continuous curve—more venti- Environment). odor of your neighbors and the build- lation provides more benefits," says g Very quickly,the industry got smarter ing would still meet current indoor air Roger Hedrick P.E., former chair of about things like VOCs,radon,and quality standards. the ASHRAE 62.1 committee from cleaning techniques to avoid dust No basis in health impacts 2010 to 2015 and principal engineer and mold. (Though not completely. at NORESCO. "But the nature of a See VOCs:Wh They're Still Here That method of ensuring air quality standard is that you have to pick a and What You Can Igo About It).And seems to fall short to people like Luke number.We pick that number based ventilation requirements did gradually Leung,P.E.,the director of sustain- on a set of criteria, and people have able engineering at SOM,who sees to understand that [ASHAAE 62.1] is I�nt3W ThyI�sttr� meant to be the minimum—anything From olfs to CO2 ventilation the connections between fresh air • on rates and human health as integrally tied. less is illegal,and more may be better." have nearly always been set with the Source control measures have been aim of limiting odorous smells There's simply too much information relatively successful at reducing the missing for ASHRAE to try to deter- • People get sick when ventilation rates most obvious signs of sick building mine how much ventilation is needed are too low syndrome, says Leung,but there for healthy air, according to Hedrick. • Indoor air quality is still audited by still may be a host of problems with "We don't know the health impacts measuring CO2 concentrations,which our typical air quality that result in q for many contaminants that we see in have no officially recognized bearing on health outcomes impacts that are less immediate. indoor spaces, and for ones that we Environmental Building News • November 2016 p• 2 know are hazardous,we very rarely Impact of IAQ on Cognitive Function Performance know how their emission rates will change over time." Plus,he says, 0 Green+ o Medlium-m 02 a High CO2 accounting for people's preference for odor is likely a higher bar anyway. "I Basic Aofivity Level ApplIWIAiiW4 III F ur l Activity;Level don't know,but I'm pretty certain that people will find the air objectionable before levels of contaminants are so a w4 high that there's a health concern.,, (Others BuildingGreen spoke withA� * strongly disagreed,citing examples like radon and certain particulates that humans can't smell, as well as parti- cles produced by reactions between ozone and limonene,which could be 504) '11CK"(1 i5('C) 5CCCn 1dn0111 T5CCOI I5(',0 110010 t5O0 hazardous but smell pleasant to the human nose.) Task Orientation Crisis Respolise Information Seeking Leung recognizes that it is complicated to figure out the amount � uw of ventilation that would be optimal , for health,and that ASHRAE might .ii II wu 41 have to"default to using our prefer- E ence for a certain level of bioeffluents. But if I want to design a building (D where the air doesn't just not smell d:u.ilr but is actually healthy—there's no ��Dd:a ON I NOD D ;',00 100191 T"'0 a tad 0 10 110 t fi'00 standard for that,not even a voluntary one. Nobody has a comprehensive infor, atibn Usage Breadth of Approach Strategy understanding of what defines good air." Agnostic to productivity impacts A nuance to Leung's point is that the absence of detrimental effects isn't the same as being optimal, and a recent study has suggested that there could be a big difference between the two. N0110 000 I'I'a4 O 500 1001911 ffiO ll I".a O 7iC14:10 t'atl:D In a jointudy st by Harvard T.H. Chan 02 Concentration (pI School of Public Health's Center for Image:Allen of al. Health and the Global Environment, Harvard research suggests that cognitive function declines as CO,levels increase,indicating a direct link SUNY Upstate Medical University, between increased ventilation and productivity enhancments. and Syracuse University released last year,researchers found that adding "We certainly advocate for ventilation the enhanced ventilation used in the additional ventilation on top of rates that exceed ASHRAE 62.1— study could be achieved with energy- already low-VOC conditions(increas- that should be considered the bare efficient technologies,resulting in an ing from 20 cfm per person to 40 cfm minimum."The adoption rate for the energy cost of between$1 and$18 per per person)helped people to think enhanced ventilation credit in LEED is person per year. The associated pro- better.On a cognitive function test only around 40%,according to Allen. ductivity benefits were estimated to be evaluating higher-level thinking like "We recognize that there are perceived $6,500 per person per year—a pretty strategy making,crisis response, and barriers to adopting more ventilation, good return on investment(ROI). information usage,participants' scores including energy costs,but there really were 101% higher with the increased are overwhelming health and produc- Under Ventilating Is ventilation. tivity benefits," says Allen. Common "Of the three variables we studied, In a follow-up evaluation that Even if you are of the mind that ventilation had by far the biggest attempted to quantify these tradeoffs, effect [on cognitive function scores]," Allen and his team estimated that current ventilation standards like Joe Allen,Ph.D.,told BuildingGreen. ASHRAE 62.1 and 62.2 are sufficient, Environmental Building News • November 2016 p• 3 The Problem of Controlling Ventilation Through the 5% of the measured peak indoor COZ Thermostat concentrations exceeded 1,000 ppm. 1800 ................................................................................. Even so,offices don't get a get-out-of- jail-free card.Remember that the 1,000 700 ppm threshold is based on research 500 conducted in the 1930s.A recent 1 1600 stud conducted by Carnegie Mellon University(CMU) for the U.S. General �400 Services suggests that level may be too 1300 high. In this analysis of 64 buildings, 1200 occupant satisfaction with indoor air 100 . quality significantly increased when CO2 levels were below 600 ppm. If 600 .q 000 ppm is really the maximum threshold 000 we should be shooting for,then many more office buildings would likely 800 Room Front,A register as problem cases. 700 Room Front,B Room Rear B Why our ventilation strategies fail ---- A'SHRAE 62.1 Limit 500 .......................................................... — Outdoors There are several reasons that COZ 400 .......................................... ....................................................... levels might reach such high levels. The vast majority of homes don't Tlltne, Hours have mechanical ventilation installed. Image:David Bearg Historically, air infiltration supplied This plot graph shows COz levels in a conference room where a meeting was being held.The trend is the needed fresh air,but as home typical for a ventilation system that is tied to thermoset set points:there is a delay between the point at upgrades and improvements have which COz reaches undesirable levels and when the temperature rises high enough that the ventilation is Occurred Over the decades,it is possi- triggered to supply more air.Also notice that CO2 concentrations differ drastically between the front of the room and the back of the room,where there are more people. ble that envelopes have gotten more airtight without ventilation systems there's plenty of evidence to suggest instead of natural ventilation had being installed. that many buildings don't meet those many more instances of exposures to standards. high CO levels and were also the only Ventilation systems are more common group that experienced COZ levels in commercial and institutional build- While CO2 levels cant alone be used over 2,500 ppm. For everyone in the ings,but the way they Operate isri t to determine whether a space is in study,the vast majority of significant always tuned towards people. conformance, levels significantly exposure events—where COZ levels "A lot of mechanical systems do a above 1,000 ppm are still an indication fell between 1,000 ppm and 2,500 ppm very poor job of getting fresh air to of poor air quality. Surveys taken of for 2.5 hours or more—occurred in the nose," says Vivien Loftness,FAIA, around 200 elementary school class- the home,whereas only9%of those rooms in California and I�xas found architecture professor at Carnegie events occurred in an office. Mellon. that average CO2 concentrations were above 1,000 ppm,many exceeded "We have to understand the places Most are conventional mixing systems 2,000 ppm, and in 21% of Texas where these exposure events occur," that aim to uniformly dilute the classrooms,peak COZ concentration Elliott Gall,Ph.D., lead author on the concentrations of pollutants in a space. exceeded 3,000 ppm. paper,told BuildingGreen. "Most So fresh air may be brought in,but studies are focusing on mimicking Another study conducted in Singapore office environments,when what we tracked CO2 exposure levels by found was that residences can be � � � � attachin sensors to 16 individuals and .......... ........I tiIng.......... g much worse."While that was just Correct under-ventilation in existing observing exposure levels through- one small study done in Singapore, building stock out a period of one week.Nearly all other studies corroborate that offices • Design ventilation systems to benefit participants spent at least an hour of tend to not have as much trouble with people—not just cooling or heating a typical day with COZ elevated over elevated CO2 levels(though problems cycles 1,100 ppm. In this study, it turned are common in meeting or conference . Figure out how to get more fresh air out that a major determinant of more rooms with high occupancy levels);in into every building,while minimizing exposure was the mode of bedroom a 2008 survey of 100 U.S.offices,only the energy penalty. The benefits of ventilation;people who used air fresh air are a "continuous curve'—so conditioning units in their bedrooms more is always better. Environmental Building News • November 2016 p• 4 the air that people actually breath Health hazards from outdoor pie is mixed with the polluted indoor pollution air, and thus never quite as fresh. Displacement ventilation systems do Increasing ventilation will only benefit // a better job of providing the freshest occupants if the air is actually fresh. � .� ��/„ air at breathing height,but are less If it's not,then it will most certainlyt common. negatively affect indoor air quality. t% g Y q tY• 1 This was recently demonstrated by an The majority of systems are also tied indoor air quality assessment per- to the heating or cooling, so that "when the thermometer says to stop formed in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania y p conditioning the air,your breathing as a part of a 2030 District pilot. (This U� research was not connected to theu� air stops," says Loftness.Demand- p y Tower at PNC Plaza discussed earlier.) controlled s sy�tems help to decouple ventilation from thermal conditioning "We clearly saw a spike in PM2.5 needs using CO2 sensors to better concentrations when the build- align ventilation set points with actual ing's windows were open,"Aurora Image:soM The Suzhou Center tower planned for Wujiang, occupancy levels,but because they Sharrard,Ph.D.,executive director China incorporates an atrium that is designed to only kick in when COz levels have of the Green Building Alliance,which bring fresh air source into the building's lobbies and gotten too high, "in some senses they founded Pittsburgh's 2030 District, public spaces. are like a Band-Aid after the fact," says told BuildingGreen.PM2.5 is just one, will be more conducive to forming Loftness. though particularly nasty,outdoor air pollutant of concern(see a full list ozone, increasing wildfires and Opening Up for Fresh Air in the accompanying table). These droughts will add more dust to the particles form as gaseous pollutants air, and rising temperature will mean and Facing Outdoor Air emitted from traffic and factories react longer allergy seasons. Pollution with each other. Long-term exposure There's a social justice component, Given the absence of clear guidelines is associated with heart attacks and too,which can't be ignored.If for ensuring healthy air,the most one lung cancer. indoor air quality problems seem can currently do is to provide as much ,We don't want to discourage natural more immediate in your buildings, fresh air as makes sense. "Ultimately, "that's because you probably deal ventilation or more ventilation in the longer we can run outside air,the with wealthy communities where general,but we have to start account- the outdoor air is clean," says Sara better off we are," argues Loftness. ing for the quality of our outdoor air," y says Sharrard. Grineski,Ph.D., associate professor of Loftness believes that economizers sociology at the University of Texas at should be more widespread. These El Paso. Grineski has done extensive Outdoor air quality problems are not rooftop devices bring in outside air unique to Pittsburgh, and they are cer- research in the Southwest and along whenever the HVAC system is call- tainly not isolated to China or India. the U.S.-Mexico border where she has ing for cooling and the temperature The 2016 State of the Air Report from found strong correlations between outside is cool enough. That allows the American Lung Association found poor air quality and disadvantaged buildings to save energy on condition- that more than half of all Americans— populations(see Air Pollution Near ing while maximizing of the amount more than 166 million people—live Kids'Homes Linked to Lower Grades of fresh air that enters the building. in counties where they have been at School). "Air pollution is one of She's also a firm believer in buildings exposed to harmful levels of either the strongest examples of environ- having operable windows. In temper- ozone, short-term particle pollution, mental injustices that we have," says ate climates, she thinks they should be or long-term particle pollution for at Grinieski.And it is not just industrial mandatory. least one day in the three year period pollutants—poorer communities often Others are clearly on that path too(see of 2012-2014.Worldwide,the World are more prone to highway pollution, Health Organization estimates that ozone, and even dust in the air, Natural Ventilation: The Nine Big est Grineski has found. Missing Obstacles and How Project'Dams Are air pollution caused around 7 million g a chance premature deaths in 2012, and those to correct for these issues in a low- Beatin 'Them)—but a certain pesky income housing project, for example, issue is getting in the way: outdoor air aren't limited to unregulated Indus- g p J p trial hotspots:nearly 500,000 of them because designers are not used to deal- pollution. in with air quality issues, "just piles were in Europe. g q tY J onto the multitude of factors that keep Furthermore,experts have predicted people marginalized," says Grineski. that most of our current outdoor air "These populations are likely already quality problems will be exacerbated more vulnerable—whether from by climate change:our atmosphere food insecurity,poor health care,or Environmental Building News • November 2016 p. 5 low-quality housing.Another stressor you experienced diesel exhaust in the morphs and changes throughout a is just one more thing." indoor air because of an idling truck day, as well as how it is informed by near a major air intake. geography.For example,when Aclima The Rise of Air Quality mapped the Denver metro area, it The Pittsburgh metro area is listed by found that three key pollutants— Sensors EPA as one of those non-attainment nitrogen dioxide(NO),ozone(0) So how can building professionals zones. Speaking about initial research and nitrogen oxide (NO)—predictably increase the amount of fresh air for the Tower at PNC Plaza,Ben became more or less present for occupants,without exposing Tranel told BuildingGreen, "It would throughout the day,primarily due to occupants to outdoor pollutants? have been incredibly easy to dismiss atmosphere dynamics. Generally,the industry is putting its [a natural ventilation strategy] at the chips on better data. "For the longest beginning based on generalizations The boundary of our atmosphere rises time, air quality has been viewed about the air quality." throughout the day as the ground heats up and causes air to rise and as this very static thing," Chris But as Pyke describes,more localized mix with the cooler air above. So in Pyke,Ph.D.,who recently joined the data is proving such generalizations Denver,the days usually progresses environmental sensor network com- wrong. "We are entering a world like this: pany Aclima as the company's chief where distributed sensors can give strategy officer,told BuildingGreen. us finer data, and they are showing • NO and NO2 are greatest in the Until very recently,there have been that conditions within a building and morning, as they are contained in few ways to understand site-specific on the outside of the building are a smaller volume of air. outdoor air quality risks. The U.S. much more variable than they first q eared."In the end,the Gensler • As the day continues,those Environmental Protection Agency lists appeared.""non-attainment zones,"which are team used air quality sensors to enable concentrations decrease as the PNC's final design—more on that atmosphere boundary rises,but 03 areas that don't meet the department's later. begins to form by photochemistry criteria for good air quality,but only (chemical reactions catalyzed by entire counties are listed.Yet scientists City-wide mapping sunlight) know that outdoor air quality can differ drastically by neighborhood or Aclima has been measuring and • Around 4 p.m.,03 concentrations even by block given geography and mapping air quality in various cit- reach their peak. NO emissions wind patterns, as well as the loca- ies by placing its air quality sensor might increase with afternoon tion of point source polluters, such technology on Google Street View rush hour, some of which might as industry or highways. Even at the cars. This has helped paint a more be converted to NO2 by interacting building level,you've probably been detailed picture of how air quality with 03. in a building at some point where • At night,03 drops and NOZ Outdoor Air Pollutants increases to a higher nighttime concentration. Air Pollutant Health Impacts This type of more granular data is Formed when pollutants emitted Can trigger chest pain, expected to inform some general b cars, ower (ants, and other coughing,throat irritation, and Ozone(01) i p p airway inflammation. It also guidelines that designers and industrial processes chemically can reduce lung function and operators can implement manually. react in the presence of sunlight. harm lung tissue. Pyke makes an analogy to how our Can cause respiratory understanding of sunlight enables harm, may contribute to the designers to spec a window with a Nitrogen Dioxide(NO2) Formed by the burning of fossil development of asthma, reacts different solar heat gain coefficient for fuels. with other chemicals to form different sides of a building. "We need particulate pollution. to better understand how ambient Released by industrial processes, Can cause respiratory harm pollution changes throughout the Sulfur Dioxide(SOZ) power plants, and emissions and react with other chemicals day and what are the typical episodic from vehicles that burn fuel with to form particulate pollution. emission sources. If you know that high sulfur content. your ambient pollution is mostly com- Emitted from site sources such Smaller particles (PM1.0) can ing from a nearby highway then you as construction sites or fires,and directly enter the bloodstream can change where you place your air Particulate Matter formed when sulfur dioxides and via the lungs. Bigger particles intake,or adapt your controls so that nitrogen oxides emitted from (PM2.5) cause haze and you're not bringing in air during rush vehicles, factories,and power longterm exposure is associated plants react. with cardiopulmonary mortality. hour." Source:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Building News • November 2016 p• 6 We are moving towards having Tower Height and PM2.5 Concentrations the kind of guidance that people can"operationalize," says Pyke. In STU GS fact, developing a new credit for . LL ..��,aJ 1 O 1 V RL'�I�q LEED is one of the goals of a new partnership announced between — Aclima and USGBC. Building-level tracking Some projects aren't waiting for their city to be mapped or a LEED credit „J to be developed. There monitor- ' � ing indoor and outdoor air quality /// themselves at the building level and tweaking their systems to see what works. ^w ,w In fact,an entire standard was recently developed based on that idea. "The price of sensors has dropped dramat- Image:Kyle Mertensmeyer ically,even from just six months ago," PM2.5 concentrations lessen at higher elevations,so Gensler is exploring how mechanical systems might Raefer Wallis, founder of GIGA and be re-worked to take advantage of such variations. the developer of the RESET standard, The standard is purposefully during the day,where even in a con- told BuildingGreen.As a result"a performance driven. "We need ventional building,PM2.5 is not likely business tower might be able to engineers to become heroes again," to be as high as outdoor levels. install eight monitors at a relatively says Wallis. "These challenges are big. miniscule cost,and use that data for I don't care if you achieve fresh air Enabling research and communication and marketing." through a mechanical system,with development It's an idea that more projects are a mixed mode building,or entirely willing to entertain,especially in through indoor plants. It is the Gensler is one firm that has seriously China where pollution is severe. results that matter, so we need to be invested in research involving air The first project that RESET certified encouraging innovation." quality. In highly polluted environ- ments like China,the ultimate solution was an Office building built by the Multiple projects have now cant just be mechanical filtration. American developer,Tishman Speyer, successfully met RESET's air quality Gensler has found that filtration in Shanghai. "Their project was seven benchmarks,and the organization installed in its LEED Platinum build- miles away from the nearest Outdoor is not shying away from translating ings there comes with an energy monitoring station," said Wallis. m those results into expected health out- penalty of 7%,according to Kyle stralot can happen in that space e Demon- comes. Five buildings tracked PM2.5 Mertensmeyer,AIA,the founder and filtered that the building offered fresh, levels throughout 2015,and GIGA research director for Gensler's"Design filtered air was a high priority—and recently reported that as a result, a strong competitive advantage for y re—p for Polluted and Toxic Environments' t b employees in those offices gained an program.As a result,the indoor air top rental space in China—but there average of 5.6 days of life expectancy might be better,but in places where have been problems with the it rorss than if they were exposed to the level electricity is supplied by fossil fuels, tion companies installing monitors of pollution outdoors.Over the span the added energy demand causes the re places that would positively skewsults. RESET sets Out a standard for of a 35-year career,that would amount outdoor air to get worse as power re to nearly half a year of more life for plants work to supply it. which monitors to use,how to install each employee. Health impacts were them,and how t report results, so calculated using an algorithm based There's also a limit to what filtration that there is moreo standardization and on medical research conducted in can do,explains Raefer Wallis. RESET transparency in the market.Then they Beijing (which typically has higher sets a general threshold of having less certify buildings that meet their actual pollution levels than Shanghai).Wallis than 15 µg/m3 (micrograms per cubic performance benchmarks.Air quality says those estimations may be con- meter)of PM 2.5.However, "over a is the first of four individual modules servative because no other pollutant certain pollution level,you can filter that a project can certify in, similar source was evaluated,though it is all you want,but 20%-30%of the to Living Building Challenge petals. unclear whether outdoor air quality outdoor pollutants will make their (The remaining three are Comfort, is really an appropriate benchmark. way back into the building through Materials, and Energy.) Most people spend their time indoors the elevator shaft Or through the Environmental Building News • November 2016 p• 7 The Impact of a Green Wall on CO Concentrations and cooling the air passively, and even possibly incorporating energy I.. O h-iOU R CON d CRC::)I-I I-"!..:) M IE E I tlN G S FLJDY generation, suddenly we begin to look at this as an entirely new building 2 Hours Before 2 Hours During 2 Hours After 4 Hours After 6 Hours After system.Building design needs a back- to-the drawing board approach if we want to bring ingenuity and inno- vation into the design process," says Mertensmeyer. sfl�9r���unAP He has also been experimenting with plants as a non-energy-intensive 41 filtration medium. In one experiment, he tested how a green wall in a small conference room affected indoor air quality before, during, and after a Image:Kyle Mertensmeyer two-hour meeting as compared to a In this Gensler experiment,the presence of a vegetated wall kept COz concentrations lower than the control room without a green wall. control condition. The biggest impact was with COZ: the envelope."For that reason,RESET has these devices have the same problem green wall kept COZ levels around an allowance: if outdoor PM2.5 levels as whole-building filtration systems: 1,000 ppm while the control room rose exceed 60 µg/ml,the filtration unit their operating energy consumption to 1,400 ppm. The plants also helped need only be sized to remove 75% of causes more pollution to be emitted keep PM2.5 levels down compared the outdoor levels because the remain- from power plants than they remove. to the control. How?Mertensmeyer der can be expected to infiltrate the Mertensmeyer has calculated one of hypothesizes that the particulate building anyway these units might remove 62 grams of matter sticks to the tiny hairs on the PM2.5 in an hour operating indoors, leaves. China's air quality certainly surpasses while the typical 215-watt device these levels regularly Durin the Pairing with natural ventilation g would simultaneously cause 3,440 g "airpocalypse" of 2015,PM 2.5 read- grams of PM2.5 to be emitted to the ings were over 1,400 µg/m3, a level 50 public air(assuming the typical utility Another low-energy approach has times what's considered safe by the fuel mix for China,64%of which is been to capitalize on natural venti- World Health Organization. On that coal). lation and use sensors to trigger a day, indoor levels were around response when outdoor air quality is 50 µg/m3, according to Mertensmeyer. Consequently,Gensler has been poor. But places in the U.S.pass this thresh- researching how to get cleaner air old too. On December 9,2012,Los without mechanical filtration. One That's the direction that the Tower at Angeles had a PM2.5 reading of idea has been to use typical office PNC Plaza ultimately went with. The 79 µg/m3. tower height as an advantage. design team's research showed that Pollution is usually held within a air quality issues in Pittsburgh are "At that point,you have to rely on certain atmospheric boundary that typically worse in the summer,when individual filtration units within rises and falls throughout the day the building would have to be air- offices to capture [what's not filtered By placing air quality sensors on two conditioned anyway.When the season out],""explains Wallis.In China, is ideal for natural ventilation—during � � p office towers,Gensler found that at 32 these individual air filters have had the fall and spring—outdoor air stories,particulate matter is reduced, li typically a 400% increase in sales in the last and 60 stories seems to rise over the quality problems aren't t ica Y that year, according to Mertensmeyer.But atmospheric boundary in Shanghai. bad,Ben Tranel told BuildingGreen.So That has led Mertensmeyer to ask, the team went forward with a natural 1 � ! why not bring in your air at the top ventilation strategy,but decided to :. . ... . • Th . e answer is not at I alwayI.s filtration.. of the tower, so you can spend less incorporate monitoring and controls. We have to find less energy-intensive energy filtering it?"Though such a The building has a double-skin fagade solutions to obtaining clean air. system hasn't yet been implemented, and a solar chimney to aid in passive • Air quality sensors are less expensive he's worked on some conceptual q Y p heating and cooling.Sensors on the than ever! Start testing what you've schemes. outside of the building measure done on past projects to see what PM2.5,ozone, and pollen count.When worked and what didn't. "It seems contradictory to traditional Use natural variations to our advan- methods,but if we don't think of this the air quality is good and the thermal • y conditions are right,the building tage.Time of day, elevation, and as only a filtration method but also proximity to plant life can all influence as a multi-model system for heating automation system triggers natural air quality. ventilation mode and the exterior Environmental Building News • November 2016 p• 8 D� J� (` ((�f(��( llllllluiui uuuuuuuuuu uui „ r f f�i �j O��I�I(� �Ill�iiuuiulllll IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII� �� ,� ,,:' there's the opposite problem: a sensor might be extremely accurate— perhaps designed for an industrial or laboratory setting—but be far too t expensive to use in a building moni- toring system. For years,we've only had two ends of the spectrum:really expensive instruments for labs and basically consumer toys," says Wallis. "Really good building-grade monitors 1 r 13AYSiR�Nr �,r, �/ didn't exist up until 18 months ago. j Y 4r9�f� / �r r. r{)'ri ri 1/��/� r / uNro� ,���pww �� tys But the market is catchingup, and it r �Jr !��7fuw a�rrr�af rr 7" i'� IDaryw6 pgad PN}0 Hirai D kQ9��'>d 1 e✓i r �lH'� H will Catch Up fast.r' � � uWmuup afaa 9�1�� v�r iNn iaxi�nal fio-igw 4�bra � I � is Oih11Da� / � oT�' r In the AChma has a Strong i e 3 IufiNn;n ysurqu4�uiy r�r t r h � E U.S., r uWvr9W 9wwmNa b�� , i HY{`l" ✓ 5�..ri1 r ��mrro k w tir , reputation for its building- 7 ��v,/ ,fifYtll J�JJierr(r ioeRvu��l���� �! rmi � NVfIU I � utlnr ); %� i' a � level systems,in addition to its -- city-wide mapping.USGBC currently has Aclima sensors installed at its Washington headquarters and is Photo:Connie Zhou Photography testing how they might feed into the On good air quality days when the Tower at PNC Plaza is in natural ventilation mode,occupants can open LEER Dynamic Plaque,the real-time the windows on the interior of the double-skin fagade if they want a more direct breeze. monitoring software that generates a LEED performance score, according walls and interior vents open up. tower with operable windows to the am Dyn to Chris Pyke(see Dynamic Plaque Then, indicator lights along each floor exterior.When outdoor air quality Piloted as LEED ce Path). turn green,notifying the occupants sensors show that conditions are good, that they can open the doors of the the windows open and the atrium acts But perhaps the biggest limitation is interior fagade if they want direct air as a lung, according to Luke Leung. that while these sensors might help flow into their workspace. When conditions are bad,the atrium people make better decisions about closes and the building relies on avoiding pollution as they try to bring "We came to a point where we mechanical filtration. in more outdoor air into a building, realized that if we sensored and they do not yet answer the question monitored the building,we could "Natural ventilation is one of the Of whether our indoor air is healthy— make [natural ventilation] work.And best ways to restore peoples'connec- even if they seem to purport to. First, that would be make it a healthier place tion with the outdoors," says Leung. research has suggested that"healthy" with reduced energy consumption," "These buildings are meant to last 100 air is not merely the absence of says Tranel. or more years. If we do manage to pollutants.Different studies point to a move towards a cleaner environment, plethora of constituents in the air that The designers also put a contingency I want the people in my building to might be beneficial to human health, plan in place for an"extreme air qual- have the option to choose that." g from negative ions,to ity event" like a fire or an explosion. phytoncide, t0 beneficial bacteria. The science While it typically takes the envelope Limitations a couple of minutes to close up from about these agents is still emerging, natural ventilation mode,there is a Despite all the opportunity that and we're far from incorporating setting that can make it close in ten affordable air quality sensors currently those measures into sensor-based seconds. enable,there are weaknesses too. monitoring systems. It's a similar story with a mixed-use Raefer Wallis points out that accuracy Second, it turns out there's not tower in Wujiang,China. Rather than and availability are both still very even consensus on what should be dismissing natural ventilation out of much real limitations. There are considered a pollutant. In addition hand,the design team from Skidmore, currently no ozone or nitrogen dioxide to disagreement about whether total Owings&Merrill looked at outdoor monitors that meet RESET standards, VOCs(TVOCs) and semi-volatile air pollution data, and found air for example. "The monitors coming organic compounds(SVOCs)have quality was best during the shoulder out of the U.S. are tested and used at identifiable health effects,researchers seasons when natural ventilation was lower concentrations than we see in are currently debating whether COZ most likely to be used. The design China," says Wallis. "A 20%variation could be acting as a direct pollutant, team went forward with a natural is not a big deal at lower concentra- rather than just an indicator for ventilation strategy—incorporating tions,but here those monitors can bothersome bioeffluents(see sidebar). a 42-story atrium on the top of the be off by a factor of 10."Sometimes, Environmental Building News • November 2016 P. 9 ik EC@a�'cltCUggEiS COS i �p d�rct pclluifanf remove CO2 would seemingly reduce CO2 has been considered an indicator for other pollutants for more than a century nearly every or eliminate the need to bring in out- ventilation standard devotes a paragraph to describing that it's not a pollutant itself at levels door air at all.At least it might look usually seen in indoor environments. Now there's research suggesting otherwise. that way if you considered current Two studies, a 2012 Lawrence Berkeley National Lab(LBNL) and the previously mentioned sensor metrics comprehensive.And 2015 Harvard study,prompted this new line of research by injecting ultrapure CO2(i.e.,CO2 with therein lies the problem;such data no naturally accumulated bioeffluents) into test chambers and measuring the decision-making tracking can make new engineered and cognitive performance of test subjects.Both studies found diminished cognitive performance approaches feel justified,when—if at CO2 levels commonly seen in indoor environments. The LBNL study saw overall reduced you take a step back—it becomes clear performance at levels at 1,000 ppm compared to 600 ppm, and the Syracuse study found that we haven't come very far from reduced performance at 950 ppm compared to 500 ppm (lower thresholds weren't tested). y measuring air quality in olfs. It would Both experiments used a test called the Strategic Management Simulation tool,which is designed be ludicrous to completely cut our to test the effectiveness of management-level employees in higher-order decision-making (as buildings off from outside air before opposed to other tests often used to measure productivity like proofreading text or adding g numbers). In both studies, most decision-making variables showed a decline with higher con- having a comprehensive health-based centrations of CO2, but measures of focused activity improved. In the LBNL study, the authors standard for fresh air. surmise that although focused activity is important for overall productivity, here better focus at high levels of CO might indicate a state of "overconcentration," similar to how people who Measuring More Than ON drunk or have'head injuries tend to become highly focused on small details at the expense of the big picture. Luckily,the way air quality sensors In a counterpoint to these studies, researchers out of Shanghai Liao Tong University and the are currently being used is to aid in Technical University of Denmark conducted a similar experiment in 2016 using a different bringing in more outdoor air when it test to measure cognitive performance. They found no impacts of cognitive performance is safe, and to test the effectiveness when pure CO2 concentrations were increased from 500 ppm to 1,000 or 3,000 ppm. of strategies for removing known When the researchers allowed bioeffluents to build up with increasing CO2 levels, however, subjects reported headaches, fatigue, sleepiness, and difficulty thinking clearly proportionally pollutants. That's encouraging, as as CO2 levels increased. As a result, the authors suggest that "moderate concentrations of increased outdoor air ventilation is bioeffluents, but not pure CO2, will result in deleterious effects on occupants during typical associated with better human health indoor exposures," according to the study. and productivity outcomes.And we "There are important differences between the two tests," Allen told BuildingGreen. "The tool certainly owe it to disadvantaged com- used in the Denmark study to measure cognitive function measured more simple tasks, like munities to pay closer attention—both memory and addition. Our test is designed to measure how effectively people make complex at a building and a city scale. decisions. I see both studies as being important findings, and all of us researchers as working together to get at the heart of these impacts." However, sometimes with better and more data, it can feel like we know If CO Z is found to have a direct effect be talking about actively scrubbing more than we do,and given that on cognitive performance,the implica- COZ from indoor air. "We still have a strong understanding of what's tions would be huge. Common stances competing studies showing slightly beneficial and harmful in our air is still on how much ventilation is needed different conclusions," says Elliott emerging, it's important to recognize would likely increase.And as others Gall. "I think what this shows is that that we still have a lot to learn. have noted, including Toe Romm,of cognitive function can be difficult Think I'ro ress,intersections with to measure. I'd say we have to wait . . what's happening with climate change for more data."Yet Gall himself has should be considered. Romm's fear is worked on developing a sorbent NEWSBRIEFS that outdoor levels of CO2 could rise to technology to remove COZ, and other levels detrimental for human cogni- products—such as the enVerid system, U.N.: Walking and Cycling tion and there will be no way to bring a recent BuildingGreen I6p Ien award Infrastructure Is Urgent down CO2 to safe levels indoors. Even winner—that are market-ready. Raefer Health Priority if we are able to curb levels before Wallis told BuildingGreen that he they reach that threshold,any increase has specified and worked with the A report calls for countries to in CO2 ppm outdoors means that we'll enVerid system,but as with other invest 20% of transportation have to pour more outdoor air into air filters,is concerned about added budgets in infrastructure our buildings to bring down indoor energy use. EnVerid claims the system improvements to promote COZ levels.With less of a differential actually enables 20% energy savings safety and mitigate climate between indoors and out,we would on average,by recirculating indoor air change need more ventilation to keep levels as and saving on temperature condition- low as possible. ing,but BuildingGreen was not able to by Sarah Lozanova verify performance with any installed That is,unless technologies are projects. Every year, 1.3 million people die in adopted to remove COZ from indoor road accidents, and nearly half of the air. Most people BuildingGreen spoke Given that COZ is our primary way fatalities are pedestrians,cyclists,and with thought it was premature to to determine air quality, a system to motorcyclists, according to the United Environmental Building News • November 2016 P. 10 Given that motorized transportation by the U.S. Green Building Council G 110113Au DIU Nu a10uK accounts for more than one-quarter of (USGBC)for recognition in LEED v4. arIuswn�ALKIll, esusi�t°o^s:�ui�r° q f,,,,! ��d�ne ,d total global carbon dioxide emissions, gill �D�pnirm encouraging non-motorized forms of USGBC-approved certification transportation is essential for miti- gating climate change.Walking and LEED Interpretation#10455,released cycling also offer economic and social in October 2016,recognizes ANSI/ f' benefits as some of the least expensive NSC-373 as a USGBC-approved and most widely available forms of certification under the Materials& transportation to low-and moderate- Resources(MR)credit Soucing o rf income people. Raw Materials with products carrying g third-party certification to the stan- In many developing countries in dard counting toward full credit under particular,however,pedestrians and Option 1 of that credit.In addition to (err cyclists are at an extreme disadvantage earning the certification(at any level: on the road they must share with high- Bronze,Silver,Gold,or Platinum),the ` ##FOUNDATION ® ' speed traffic. This makes it harder for stone facility has to make its scorecard r< a � �~Image:UN En ronm such people to safely get to work or publicly available and earn one of two vient school and disproportionately impacts optional credits in the system: either Nations Environment Programme disadvantaged populations. 7.2.1 (Ecosystem Boundaries)or 7.2.2 (UNEP)report Global Outlook on (Environmental Impact Assessment). Walkin and C cling.Deaths are likely "Unless we act to make our roads safe, to increase in coming years given in ten years an estimated 13 million In addition,the standard was that the world's fleet of private cars is more people will have died on our incorporated into the recent v3.1 expected to triple by 2050,with most roads—that is more than the entire release of the Living Building of this growth occurring in developing population of Belgium," says Solheim. Challenge.In that standard, countries. "The human impact is horrific,but the projects are required to advocate to impact on all of our survival must not manufacturers of all dimension stone UNEP is now calling for countries be ignored." products used within the project to to create and implement local and S pursue certification. national policies for non-motorized Stone Certification p Finding certified products should transport,and to invest 20% of g catlOn their transportation budgets into Recognized in LEED v4, become easier infrastructure improvements for pedestrians and cyclists. Such Living Buildings Products carrying the certification investments can prevent fatalities aren't common yet,but they're on the and promote sustainable forms of Natural stone is one of way, according to Kathy Spanier,NSC transportation. the oldest green building sustainability committee chair and materials, but it's the director of marketing at Coldspring, For the report,UNEP examined 20 newest to have a rigorous p g a Minnesota-based stone industry low-to moderate-income countries multi-attribute certification producer. Spanier told BuildingGreen across Africa,Asia,and Latin America recognized by USGBC that four companies carry and found that proportionately twice certifications,with another five on as many people die in road traffic by Tristan Roberts accidents in these countries compared Stone is one of our most durable to rich countries. The existence of C o L D S P II I N G timeless,and beautiful building �� safe pedestrian infrastructure is a ke �t„�r p y materials but is it sustainable. Yes,if factor in reducing pedestrian fatalities best practices are employed in stone °" `"'`N° and decreasing air pollution. quarrying,processing, and transpor- x tation(see Stone,The Original Green TEXAS,` ONE "People are risking their lives every time they leave their homes," says Building Material). To improve the QUARRIES sustainability of stone production and Erik Solheim,executive director of " UNEP. "But it isn't just about acci- help projects find greener products, L Goad Quarrier{' dents.Designing transport systems the Natural Stone Council (NSC) AN4MS0732013 around cars puts more vehicles on the released ANSI/NSC 373 Sustainable Image:Natural Stone Council road, increasingboth house as Production of Natural Dimension green g Stone In 2014 That certification has TexaStone Quarries,Coldspring,Northern Stone . emissions and deadly air pollution. Supply,and Stony Creek Quarry are the first four We must put people,not cars, first in now gotten a boost with approval companies to be certified under ANSI/NSC 373, which is now recognized in LEED and the Living transport systems." Building Challenge. Environmental Building News • November 2016 P. 1 1 the way. Companies can certify either were there any true water-saving Evolve Technologies: quarries or processing facilities. For a advances or new devices that could Hot-water shut-off valves finished product to reach a construc- influence our habits?We found some, tion project with the NSC certification, as well as graywater systems that may Evolve also offers several water-saving however,"the stone would have to be finally be ready for prime time. systems that incorporate thermostat certified at a quarry and then trans- shut off valves when water tempera- ported to a certified processing facility Niagara Conservation: tures reach 95'E Evolve says that its to maintain chain of custody," says New products for commercial systems are a response to"behavioral Spanier. applications waste,"the 38-56 seconds of time, Pursuingthe certification has on average,that hot water runs in a Niagara's Stealth toilet was a shower before people actually get in, benefited Coldspring and its environ- Bu.ildingGreen 2010 1j2p 10 winner as found by researchers at Lawrence mental practices,according to with innovative(and quiet) Berkeley National Lab (LBNL). Spanier,noting that it instigated some technology that results in an impres- Evolve uses a proven wax-based consolidation in its operations,which sive 0.8 gallons per flush (gpf). The system, including the Showerstart in turn reduced its environmental Stealth toilet has had more traction in TSV(thermostatic shut-off valve)that footprint. She also noted that although residential applications due to con- is installed between the shower pipe stone processing doesn't use many cern from some professionals that the and showerhead,with Watersense- chemicals except to operate and main- flush volume was too low and would labeled 1.5, 1.75, and 2.0 gpm shower- tain equipment, a required chemicals not adequately remove waste where heads. The company also now offers a inventory has raised awareness of there is a long section of pipe or low system that shuts off water at the tub potential problems and often leads to slope. Now,Niagara is moving into spout(normal spouts can flow up to unneeded chemicals being removed commercial applications with new 5 gallons per minute)and diverts it to from facilities. ADA-compliant side flush handle (the the Showerstart showerhead. 10.E o original Stealth models have a push button)and easy to clean models, Grayworks: PRODUCT NEWS&REVIEWS and is working with architects and Rainwater management solutions builders pre-construction to ensure A Tour of Cool Products pipe runs are sloped to handle the low With droughts throughout the world, from Greenbuild 2016 flow. reservoirs down, aquifers running dry, and water costs increasing across the These products from Niagara also showcased its Hot Start board,expect graywater treatment and Greenbuild 2016 expo floor showerhead system that shuts off reuse to become more relevant in the save water, use wood in water flow when temps reach 95°F so coming decade.At Greenbuild,the those who wander off to brush teeth innovative ways, and protect Grayworks modular plug-and-play buildings and materials from or grab clothing don't waste water and commercial graywater reuse system the elements the energy used to heat it.You push a was on display. Grayworks units are button when you get in to resume the available to handle flows from 1,200 by Brent Ehrlich flow. These WaterSense-labeled prod- —10,000 gallons per day, according to ucts are available in 1.5 and 2.0 gallons the company,using these steps: The annual Greenbuild Expo is one per minute (gpm)flow models and of the best places to discover exciting use a mechanical spring thermostat product innovations and the 2016 shut-off valve system. convention in Los Angeles was no exception.We're going to present in Kohler and Toto: two parts the standouts that we saw. New 1.0 gpf products This article will cover water-savingI I1 products, drywall,weather barriers, Performance of Kohler and Toto and select wood products. Stay toilets now approach the Niagara tuned next month when we'll look at Stealth with WaterSense-labeled innovative energy recovery systems, products at 1.0 gpf.Both companies photovoltaic panels,insulation, and offer a range of products that meet more. Maximum Performance(MaP)require- ments for removing solids.For Kohler, Water Savings its Class Five 1.0 gpf products include <W the Wellworth and Highline lines;for Gik'r ,oul,r1,VV 11K S There were the usual wide selection of Toto, it's the Carlyle II and Drake II Image:Rainwater Management Solutions designer toilets,faucets,and shower- lines,but Toto also offers a Neorest Grayworks is a modular plug-and-play commercial heads at Greenbuild this year,but dual flush model at 0.8 or 1.0 gpf. graywater reuse system for flow rates from 1,200 to 10,000 gallons per day. Environmental Building News • November 2016 p. 12 • A prefilter removes hair, lint, The VersaDry system installs into the of its purported lifecycle and carbon and other debris from the water. floor and studs, and can be used for advantages over steel and concrete Worried about maintenance?A wall systems using 2"-12"studs.The (see Engineering a Wood Revolution). high-pressure spray automatically system leaves no void at the floor so WholeTrees displayed a new take on keeps the stainless steel screen there is no need for caulking,which this concept,but there was an intrigu- clean. can save considerable labor,time, and ing interior product at Greenbuild as material costs, and it is available with well. • Bacteria on the company's one-or two-hour fire ratings. The flat proprietary media break down surface also simplifies installation of WholeTrees: contaminants. base materials, a bonus for trades. Structural elements from trees • A self-cleaning filter(that lasts DensElement: WholeTrees uses unmilled round 2-3 years)removes the remain- A labor-saving weather barrier timber from invasive black locust ing solids and sends debris to the system to create fully engineered structural sewer,before an ultraviolet light architectural systems that directly disinfects the water. For anyone interested in Georgia- replace conventional structural • The components for a chlorine and Pacific's DensElement system (see A systems but instead look like,well, dye system (to mark treated water Manufactured Solution for Continuous whole trees. They create a distinctive as as graywater) are also integrated Air and Water Barriers)in person, look that provides an attractive con- into the unit and can be used where Greenbuild offered a full mockup. nection to nature,but they also have codes require further sanitation. This system uses a factory-applied real performance and environmental air-and weather-barrier applied credentials. The system is monitored for beneath the fiberglass of DensGlass performance and integrates into build- exterior sheathing to manage air and WholeTrees products are available ing management systems. Information water leakage(a similar system is with FSC-certifications,have a Declare can be accessed via a web-based Securock 430—a Bu.ildinaGreen 2017 Red List Free Label, and have an HPD dashboard. I6p 10 winner). Georgia Pacific uses v1.0 with residuals revealed down P to 100 parts per million. To protect rosoco's silyl terminated polyether Protectin (STPE)chemistry R-Guard FastFlash against insects and decay,the wood is g Dr�all and (another former Bu.ildingGreen Icy treated with borates.WholeTrees uses Sheathing from Moisture 10 winner)at screw heads,joints, and a natural finish made from tung and Damage transitions. linseed oils,pine resin,beeswax, and D-Limonene(which unfortunately is Some exciting new products protect Vaproshield' an aquatic toxicant). drywall and sheathing from moisture First Red-List-free peel-and-stick damage caused by leaks and weather. Though WholeTrees structures look Vaproshield's peel-and-stick air and rustic,the engineering that goes into VersaDry: weather resistive barrier emits no these systems is sophisticated. The Simple protection from nuisance VOCs and requires no primer in most company takes advantage of unmilled moisture applications,yet it is UV resistant timber's strength, and assists in the and can be exposed to the elements design and engineering to create Sometimes simple systems change the before cladding installation. Used systems that are as code-compliant as industry and the VersaDry Drywall in Living Building Challenge(LBC) heavy timber structures. Track System has the potential to projects such as the Brock do just that. This steel rail system Environmental Center,it elevates drywall onto a shelf two is the first weather resis- inches above floor level,protecting it f against water that gets into a building five barrier self-adhered f sheet to earn a Declare , during construction or via nuisance label signifying that it leaks.With standard construction, contains no LBC Red-List water can wick into drywall from the x chemicals. Y floor,which damages the drywall and can lead to mold,remediation, and � removal.Water-damaged drywall Unique woo is a significant source of material Products � • �� % ��stival �Fes'i �1 waste in the construction industry, and replacing finished drywall in There has been aP ,t occupied buildings is expensive and resurgence in the use Photo:Heartland Photography Of wood timbers for In this Festival Foods store,WholeTrees used 30,000 ft'of structural 1nCOriverilerit. supports sourced from regional forest cullings.Each column is structural use because capable of supporting 200,000 lbs. Environmental Building News • November 2016 p. 13 WoodTique: iiAQ Statistics Ultrathin veneer This Week 1 a 4/16 11 11/16 The opposite of strong,unmilled A.vg VOC Avg CO2 V 01=02 Ratio, lumber might just be WoodTique, an ultrathin wood veneer 0.2 mm or //'" 0.0008"thick)from Japan.WoodTique 0, is flexible and has a paper backing that 5 7 0.8 gives it the performance of wallpaper. PPM PP It comes in 2'x 8'sheets and can be I Avg Vi C 11111 ,Vvq r,,r1r GC::RV i tvinrnorno used for accents or wallcovering,or 2000,0 can be wrapped around columns. Using WoodTique could reduce the 1 5¢:11:1.0 amount of wood required for these applications and save on labor, 000 rl and though the company does not M1 . . 6�,�__ d.d.lee As ., ���s o currently have FSC certification,the 50011 company claims its logs are carefully selected from sustainable sources. OEMDst .,.I 11 MEN/ 10/6:83/16 IG/10/16 0/1PIt"16 10/..17,116 10/1 /lux YW24116 loi`4/16 10/ 1(..I6 It is applied like wallpaper. Over drywall,use wallpaper paste,smooth Image:Build Equinox and CERV it Out,and trim the corners with a Demand-controlled ventilation systems monitor air quality indicators—such as CO,and VOC utility knife.Metal Or Other sub- concentrations—in real time,and adjust ventilation rates based on the actual need for fresh air.This can strates would require contact cement help ensure that the air quality stays within target parameters,as demonstrated by this dashboard from a CERV system installed in a home in Urbana,Illinois. or another appropriate adhesive. WoodTique is currently available in air is needed for human health and A variety of strategies have been maple,mahogany,oak,cedar,and comfort,but pulling in and condition- developed to account for occupancy walnut. ing fresh air negates hard-earned fluctuations.Ventilation systems can efficiency measures. be programmed to run on certain What Did You See? schedules. If you knew the school Demand-controlled ventilation is a way gym was only used from 3:30-6:30 As mentioned,this great mix of to reduce that energy penalty by pull- p.m., for example,ventilation rates for products is just Part 1.We have many ing in fresh air only when it is needed, that space could be dialed back the more to come next month and several and shutting off when it is not. remainder of the time. of them could potentially change how we design our buildings. In the Originally driven by occupancy Ventilation schedules,however, meantime, if you saw anything new at seldom match up with the true Greenbuild,please let us know in the Ventilation's main purpose is to specifics of occupancy. Sensors can comments online. dilute or expel two types of indoor provide much more accurate triggers "I4 ,0 air pollution: odors and pollutants for ventilation. Occupancy sensors, generated by people, and volatile like the ones that activate lighting PRIMER organic compounds that are off- when you walk into a room,can gassed from building components and also be used in to trigger ventilation. Demand-Controlled furniture. Carbon dioxide(CO)sensors are Ventilation: Fresh Air Onl now an even less expensive option y Demand-controlled ventilation was When You Need It initially conceived because the first and more precise. CO,levels are a source of pollution—people—is good indicator for concentrations Balancing the need for fresh air variable;a different number of of people-related pollutants, as CO,with minimizing energy use is people may be in a room at any given levels proportionally increase with difficult. Demand-controlled time. Certain kinds of spaces—like added occupancy. (This is because COZ ventilation is the responsive classrooms,theaters,or conference is a natural product of human respi- ration,which occurs at a relatively solution. rooms—can have very high peak predictable rate.) occupancies,but are vacant or have by Candace Pearson lower occupancy for much of the time. p Y In a recent study of demand- People often talk about the"energy For ventilation to serve peak levels controlled ventilation systems penalty" associated with more fresh 100% of the time is wasteful. installed in Minnesota,researchers air ventilation. Some level of fresh found that these kinds of systems Environmental Building News • November 2016 p. 14 brought a median energy savings Yet demand-controlled ventilation of 34%,which equated to$0.09 per systems have been on the market square foot annually for over a decade, and some research—such as the Minnesota Becoming more precise with study—suggests that occupants are added sensors happier with indoor air quality where such systems are utilized.And with However,occupancy is only part of evolving technology,we can expect what determines that more fresh air that such systems will become ever is needed.As sensor technologies are more responsive, adapting to what- evolving, demand-controlled ventila- ever actual conditions we're able to tion systems are getting smarter about measure. analyzing other sources as well,thus finding further efficiencies. Levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), for example, shift over time.A piece of furniture will typically offgas less with age,while cleaning com- pounds used to deep clean bathrooms might clause levels to spike.At least one residential ventilation system, the Conditionina Energy Recovery Ventilator(CER ),now utilizes VOC sensors to respond to these changes, according to CERV founder Ty Newell Ph.D. In retail settings, formaldehyde and other VOCs that offgas from clothing and other retail goods could turn out to be much more relevant indicators for ventilation needs. Responsive only to what you can measure Demand-controlled ventilation promises to save energy by providing fresh air only when you need it,but there is some debate about whether its application produces outcomes that are actually optimal for human health. For example, demand-controlled ventilation systems have a slight lag because it takes CO2 levels time to build up in a space.As a result,the system kicks on only once levels are already high, and it may take a while to bring them down. Furthermore, some question whether current metrics are sufficient for determining when fresh air is needed (see Clean,Fresh Air: Cettin What We Need). CO2 is currently recog- nized as merely an indicator for other pollutants—rarely are pollutants like formaldehyde measured directly. And other issues, like what kinds of substances we want in our air, are still questions for research. Environmental Building News • November 2016 p. 15 AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: VHB Report on Mass. Avenue Traffic Calming Options (25 min.) PRESENTER: ITEM Laura Castellie, VHB Project Manager; NUMBER: Mark Shamon, VHB, Dir., Hwy Engineering, David Kucharski, TSG 1'4 SUMMARY: No vote is requested for this item. This is VHB's second report to the Board of Selectmen regarding the potential neighborhood impacts of the Woburn/Mass Ave. intersection project. VHB analyzed the BETA recommendations concerning the Massachusetts Avenue/Woburn Street intersection improvements, specifically reviewing whether the proposed reconfiguration of the intersection and addition of a traffic signal will impact the Winthrop Street neighborhood. The VHB findings and recommendations will be reviewed with the Board. SUGGESTED MOTION: None FOLLOW-UP: Based on the Board's comments and plan for the Woburn/Mass. Ave. intersection project, a follow-up meeting can be scheduled for the neighborhood to discuss the various options and receive feedback. DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 8:15 p.m. ATTACHMENTS: Description Type PIWSOR U�t iO R Backup Matorinl r 14:Mvhb To: John Livsey, PE Date: October 31,2016 Memorandum , Town Engineer Samuel Hadley Public Services Building, Room 202 201 Bedford Street Lexington, MA 02420 Project#: 13249.00 From: VHB Re: Winthrop Road through traffic assessment Lexington, Massachusetts The Town of Lexington has recently undertaken efforts to redesign and signalize the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue (Mass Ave) at Woburn Street and Winthrop Road.Traffic counts at the study area intersection were collected and a proposed design plan was developed.A traffic analysis was completed to compare existing traffic operations, delay, and levels of service (LOS) with the proposed geometric condition both with and without a traffic signal.The analysis completed was primarily focused on operations at the study area intersection. VHB was retained to assess potential impacts to the neighborhoods both north and south of the intersection.The findings of this assessment were provided to the Town in a memorandum dated March 9, 2016.After follow up with the Board of Selectmen, VHB was tasked with three additional evaluations: • Determine the travel patterns of vehicles who make a right-turn from Woburn Street onto Mass Ave currently during the morning peak hour and assess the likelihood they would use Winthrop Road under future geometry. • Determine the operational traffic impact to Winthrop Road with the increased traffic. • Determine the effects of this operational impact and whether the proposed mitigation is sufficient to mitigate the impact. Origin Destination As a follow up to the original existing conditions evaluation, the Town requested that VHB review existing travel patterns in an attempt to quantify the number of vehicles that may use Winthrop Road as a "cut through" between Mass Ave and Waltham Street during the morning peak hour.To facilitate this evaluation, VHB reviewed turning movements at four locations: • Right-turns from Woburn Street to Mass Ave • Right-turns from Grant Street to Mass Ave • Left-turns from Mass Ave to Waltham Street • Through movements along Waltham Street southbound at the intersection of Worthen Road Specifically, VHB collected partial license plate data for each movement during the morning peak hour. Partial plate data are sufficient for matching purposes, but still preserve privacy of the drivers. The data at each location was then matched to track the vehicles through each of the movements above. Figure 1 shows the results of this assessment.As shown, of the 460 vehicles that turn right from Woburn Street to Mass Ave, roughly 111 vehicles turn left from Mass Ave to Waltham Street. Only 29 of these 111 vehicles travel through to Worthen, translating into approximately 82 101 Walnut Street PO Box 9151 Watertown, MA 02472 \\vhb\prof\Wat-TE\13249.00\docs\memos\Wi nth rop Road\Winthrop Street OD assessment.docx P 617.924.1770 Ref: f 32,4) 00 October 31,2016 Page 2 vehicles destined to Waltham Street between Mass Ave and Worthen Road, likely to the High School. These vehicles represent the potential increase in traffic along Winthrop Road. For the purposes of the analysis, it was assumed that up to 110 people may divert to Winthrop Road once the traffic signal is constructed. Traffic Operations This potential increase in traffic does impact traffic flow, both at the proposed traffic signal and along Winthrop Road. The analysis indicates minor impacts to the proposed traffic signal, to account for more through traffic in the southbound direction than previously considered.It does not appear that delay or queuing would be substantially impacted, as the overall traffic volume is the same (although the proportion between right-turns and through vehicles is modified). There would be an expected increase in total vehicle miles traveled along Winthrop Road during peak hours from 60 vehicle miles traveled (today) to 11S once the traffic signal is in place. This should not affect travel times along Winthrop Road or cause increased congestion, but may slow travel speeds by about one (1) mph. Since a sidewalk is provided along at least one side of the street, no impacts to pedestrian mobility are expected. However, the potential for increased vehicular volume, even at a rate of less than two additional vehicles per minute, may degrade the experience of bicyclists, who must now interact with the additional vehicles. Potential Mitigation The proposed traffic signal will aid in lessening vehicle queue and delay impacts during the peak hours. The traffic signal will also provide a vital protected pedestrian and bicycle crossing of Mass Ave in an area where one does not exist today (and is proximate to the Minuteman Bike Path). While there are no mitigation measures that can ensure complete prevention of additional vehicular traffic, the potential mitigation measures previously identified and evaluated are likely to deter some "cut-through" activity from increasing in the future as a result of the planned traffic signal installation along Massachusetts Avenue.These measures also seek to slow vehicular travel speeds for vehicles traveling within the neighborhood. The following measures were proposed: Speed humps/speed tables appear feasible and can be considered at: ljj Winthrop Road —Install a speed table entering from the north in advance of the curve and within sight distance of a vehicle traveling southbound from Woburn Street jjj Winthrop Road at Sherburne Road — Eliminate the channelized right-turn leg (which would require modification of one driveway) and install speed table. jjj Winthrop Road at John Poulter Road —Install a speed table at this intersection. jjj Winthrop Road at Vinebrook Road —Speed table not recommended at this location due to potential driveway impacts. \\vhb\prof\Wat-TE\13249.00\docs\memos\Wi nth rop Road\Winthrop Street OD assessment.dou Ref: f 32,4) 00 October 31,2016 Page 3 The installation of speed humps or speed tables may impact drainage, maintenance activities, parking, emergency vehicle access, and increase noise. Some level of preliminary design is necessary to determine these effects.These items should be considered further through the public outreach process. Turn Restrictions Installation of peak period turn restrictions ("Do Not Enter" signs that include time of day restrictions) can be considered at the following locations: ljj Left-turn movement from Mass Ave to Winthrop Road - fully restricted movement during all times of day jjj Right-turn movement from Waltham Street to Winthrop Road —morning and evening peak period jjj Left-turn movement from Mass Ave to Slocum Road - morning and evening peak period jjj Left-turn movement from Mass Ave to Bloomfield Road - morning and evening peak period These turn restrictions also impact access for neighborhood residents and potentially divert traffic to other neighborhood streets. The success of turn restrictions in reducing "cut-through"traffic relies heavily on continuous police enforcement during the first few months of implementation and consistent, random police enforcement after that. Under current municipal budget constraints faced throughout the Commonwealth, this enforcement is not always possible. Stop Signs A preliminary evaluation at the intersection of Winthrop Road and Highland Avenue indicates a multi-way stop sign may be warranted.Appropriate traffic data should be collected at this location to determine whether the multi-way stop can be warranted. Per the MUTCD, this includes detailed state and local crash data and eight-hour vehicle, pedestrian, and bicycle turning movements (additional hours of data may be needed if the Town is not certain when the peak eight hours occurs). \\vhb\prof\Wat-TE\13249.00\docs\memos\Wi nth rop Road\Winthrop Street OD assessment.dou o i r t i 0O O � f C N l� Jl QJ d z f r � ri �� r ��� ✓ O 'X of LE o � f yS` i I �? 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D 4— lilt r ............. 0 ..................I (D (D 0 0 .............) 4-J 4- 4— e— 4— .................. D .......... D 4-J +.1 L ,............ . ......7 . ......... 0 u 0 E Ej 0 E +oj ce. .......... ce- 0 C., 0 ............. U .......... +., 0 0 0 "4 I Q, .......... ............I .......... ........ .................l .................. .......... r .......... ............. . .......... . . ...... D D (D c 0 %r r. N ,p : r r N 1 , i f I E Min �t iumumum Min m mum m r 0 P / � Y I Ln Ln Ln �,.... w u ,,,,, ,, ,,,,,I l ..... ,, % u 0 u E ..... u �i. CA u CA CA Ell J Ln a CA f, — r y aka a ... i 1 m� J �.e r 1 aA� l Sir f w� „ 0 MEE t MEE > �y nommm my � y my �. / ' f *� r, a Ln 00 w a 00 tA u w � J w % w 00 � r ' i 1`17 r rr _ t i � 01 Sir UaA r r z e f �' " s ,wiP f H„ n, �s. CL e 0 j °° .j 4"J i J oj J low I� r 4-0 1`1 ✓J w a wwwuwuumw iG, �.. " INary96 r, 4-0 � r O mimm4-0 m, wwwuwuumw -� t e m � � 4-0 4-0 i° e a j Qu Ul 03 w a w w ; w co wf CU a✓ w n73 Ul 75 w co CY)xTo l AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Harbell Street Betterment/Acceptance (5 min) PRESENTER: ITEM NUMBER: Mike Sprague, Staff Engineer and John Livsey, Town Engineer 1.5 SUMMARY: To vote the intention to layout Harbell Street. Apetition signed by 8 out of 15 abutters has been sent in requesting this road be improved under the betterment process and accepted by the town. If the board votes their intention to layout then Harbell Street will move to the next step in the street acceptance sequence. SUGGESTED MOTION: Suggested motion is attached and entitled 'Notice of Intention' FOLLOW-UP: This ultimately needs Town Meeting approval for both the funding of the betterment and acceptance of the way as a town accepted way. The street acceptance sequence is attached with next steps and recommended dates. DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 8:40 p.m. ATTACHMENTS: Description Type D Notice a,glnn:tonr:tion Backup Ma orrinl D V`hx:r rinr.o ("'overrmonnu) D Petitions. Backup Ma orrinl D Map depicting pucoN,tlr at ;ig ned Petitions. Backup Ma orrinl Lexington, Massachusetts November 21, 2016 Notice of Intention to Lay Out Harbell Street The Board of Selectmen hereby gives written notice that it intends to lay out as a town way: Harbell Street from Paul Revere Road a distance of 645 feet, more or less, to End of Harbell Road. The Board of Selectmen will meet in the Selectmen's Meeting Room, Town Office Building, Lexington, Massachusetts, on Monday, November 21, 2016 at 7:00 P.M. for the purpose of making and establishing said extension and layout. Selectmen of Lexington A true copy, Attest: Lexington, Massachusetts November 21, 2016 TIME SEQUENCE FOR FY18 STREET ACCEPTANCE 1. November 14, 2016 Vote of intent to layout by the Board of Selectmen; Board of Selectmen to sign "Notice of Intention to Layout" and notify Planning Board and Constable; 2. January 9, 2017 By this date, written notice delivered to abutters by Constable informing them that the Board of Selectmen intend to vote to layout as public way; 3. January 23, 2017 Public Hearing by Board of Selectmen in regard to their intent to layout public ways; 4. February 6, 2017 Vote to layout public ways by Board of Selectmen; 5. February 27, 2017 On or before this date layout plans filed with the Town Clerk by the Town Engineer; 6. March 6, 2017 After this date and before the close of Town Meeting, acceptance of the layout by the Town at a Town Meeting. Within thirty (30) days of the date of acceptance of layout by the Town Meeting, adoption of an Order of Taking by eminent domain by the Board of Selectmen and an award of damages, if any; 7. Within thirty (30) days of adoption of the Order of Taking, recording in Registry of Deeds of said Order and any betterment by the Town Engineer. Approved by the Board of Selectmen at its meeting on July 25, 2016 cr V .�+ O O _ aY � n 3 n S N 1, ,d.► f0 �' '(O ? `_'- A N tD� � �"r c O (D 1 1 M 0 � OL Q a (OD- O ° * (D O d. _. D � ° � � a ° y �(0 DD v :3 as � r � v C * � � � a m m v, n � -mo 0 .T� co `pc Q N O /yy BCD (D a v, : O Da aa on � cr a (D -�Err CD CD C m MIL O c -t Y ` � N N 'D 'O momoa� ° o 1 0 � 0M v o fib I o ° x < - -^ -4 CA a c � c iz = o m 3• a- 3 ia00 :Emc m _ mm = CD o' :E o D 3 o C o m = o n CD Q - m nn=i P N 3 LT n m 5 S0 CD o m o o m 3 ' m � � - r� m3 (DCD O a F '► (D O O cn x n CD ? c O o n' m N O (p 0 J -r� n c`D 0- D N C% 00 X tD (D 00 91) ° = °� m C O N =r - m 07 CDN (DD Q N Cr y a' O) fl N CD Q ((DD ( CD 0 M (D (D ° ° Town of Lexington, MA November 9, 2016 ��.�aa 'grmoi�p1011>�111111@III \remw�i 5&204 s sxes �fl x�ra b.i a 3 761CY4,,. 25 `,d i N ]2,d'SR ��5 W 4 tl lyi� 0i 6 ,.. a N v 5&55 Alt 5®87IflF;pq SB 2�fi7p 1 w �I WIN i y�u� tl 2Ja' �II�I 1, Av 58 85A °U i 1.f4�0 ��IN l d�5H-54 4 7. ar ' I eP WN 7 Imam : n"a � s ftls � nti — 9 411111"I'll" ,a � ref ti� , mu Sa eaa 'x r, v re. aaiirl�V11 .ems 'x.� do 'x �' f I, W 3dokua s 1111� F 1 0ppq s o w e� B�IU '� ��5 'ice SS S9[t Il1�U7 *`U d'k 1 d ,17 �n 5�V Il.93 ,� 'at. 5 � ,r'' � tiV`� ✓'�' '� �� W126ti� o 12941 r$ �� l Wy mrt;YHNIN & Y,: SA 59-52 � nh- ld5i � �tlmui� �� "Uwl�l"I111�11�I1I1\1� ��,,ff , 1m30'2 sa4SO sI\I1\f58,90�', 1 4dtl I U8A a a6a U sr�a� a ��Sk a a r, a �h1�3+' d U T a ,� � �F � ^�1�111"� �ry�l htit SY YJ3, r'. JPo l, la ,d rY+ SCI 1J6� Hit 1400, 1 49. Il�.50q "d mi el y, f, w WF �Tr nS�E J � Wr 11 b123 4 }` n so is SU 245 d � rox' nod, Sh ac' 0� ���� 1' SdIlfJfl MOB „m) il 1dJo Ib�ildsUl4 �5s1„lU7 1 II. 5 n{0 4 1 — 156 ft 1 Ia.al,a s r�.nnmr MAP FOR REFERENCE ONLY NOT A LEGAL DOCUMENT Town of Lexington, MA makes no claims and no warranties, expressed or implied, concerning the validity or accuracy of the GIS data presented on this map. Parcels updated March 10, 2016 Properties updated March 10, 2016 AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Update Charge-Tax Deferral and Exemption Committee (5 min) PRESENTER: ITEM NUMBER: Carl F. Valente, Town Manager 1.6 SUMMARY: This item requires a vote. Ms. Barry, Mr. Valente and members of the current Tax Deferral and Exemption Committee met to discuss updating the Committee's charge and membership. The revised charge is also consistent with the recommendations of the 20/20 Vision Committee regarding identifying in a committee charge specific activities of the committee that may lend themselves to shorter term volunteer assignments. SUGGESTED MOTION: Move to approve the revised charge of the Tax Deferral and Exemption Committee and to designate the members as Special Municipal Employees. FOLLOW-UP: At a subsequent Board meeting a recommendation will be brought forward to fill the vacant positions on the Committee. DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 8:45 p.m. ATTACHMENTS: Description Type Tax Deferral and Exemption Committee Members: Five Appointed By: Board of Selectmen Length ofTerm: Zyears Appointments: Annually—September Liaisons: Board of Assessors, Council on Aging, [OrnnniSSiOn on Disability, Appropriations Staff: Assistant Town Manager for Finance ordesignee Meeting Times: Quarterly oraSneeded Criteria for Membership: Citizens with an interest in property tax equity issues Description: The Tax Deferral and Exemption Committee is charged to review and recommend to the Board of Selectmen options for the deferral or exemption of local property taxes under existing state law, or by home rule petition for a special act of the state legislature, that might enhance or make accessible the property tax relief currently available to elderly, low-income, disabled or otherwise deserving residents. Options for consideration include, but are not limited to: o Adjusting the terms of tax deferrals available to senior citizens under G.L. c. 59, 5, Clause 4lA; o Adjusting the terms of tax exemptions available to senior citizens under G.L. c. 59, 5, Clause 41(; o Publicizing the Massachusetts Senior Circuit Breaker Tax Credit Program, and; o Adopting other provisions for exemptions or other forms of tax relief that are now, or may become, available understate law. o Providing input to Selectmen and other committees when property tax issues are being examined. Special Project VVork: The Tax Deferral and Exemption Committee will be asked to coordinate with interested groups and Town Departments to outreach to target populations, to market existing programs and scrv|ces. Prior to serving as a member mfthis committee, appointees are required to: I. Acknowledge receipt Dfthe Summary ofthe Conflict DfInterest Statute. Further, to continue to serve on the Committee the member must acknowledge annually receipt of the summary Ofthe Conflict of Interest Statute. Said summary will be provided by and acknowledged by the Town Clerk. 2. Provide evidence to the Town Clerk that the appointee has completed the on-line training requirement required by the Conflict of Interest Statute, Further, to continue to serve on the committee, the member must acknowledge every two years completion of the on-line training requirement, Ref: Revised charge adopted by Selectmen March 8, 2004 Selectmen designated as Special Municipal Employees on January l8, 2O00 AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Abate Property Taxes-171-173 Bedford Street (5 min) PRESENTER: ITEM NUMBER: Carl F. Valente 1.7 SUMMARY: With the Town's purchase of 171-173 Bedford Street, the seller of this property is responsible for the FY17 property taxes only through the date of purchase by the Town. Under MGL Chapter 59 section 72A, the Board of Selectmen may request, in writing, that the Board of Assessors abate the unpaid property taxes from the sale date to the end of the fiscal year. SUGGESTED MOTION: Move to approve and authorize the Chairman to sign the request that the Board of Assessors abate the unpaid property taxes for 171-173 Bedford Street, from the date of purchase by the Town to the end of fiscal year 2017. FOLLOW-UP: Assessors Office will abate these unpaid taxes. DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 8:50 p.m. ATTACHMENTS: Description Type D �aAtor to Rxud M'Assossors Ro so,utionr.➢a.rttorr D ML C.59,s a 4 t onr.'72A Backup Ma orinl VS MOq 1775 c x p Town of Lexington K z y w = Office of Selectmen U APRIL19" l FXINC, Suzanne E. Barry, Chairman Tel: (781) 698-4580 Peter C. J. Kelley Fax: (781) 863-9468 Norman P. Cohen Joseph N. Pato Michelle L. Ciccolo November 21, 2016 Board of Assessors Lexington, MA Dear Members of the Board: As provided for under MGL Chapter 59, section 72A, the Board of Selectmen voted on November 21, 2016 to stipulate to the Board of Assessors that the Town has purchased the property at 171-173 Bedford Street from Liberty Mutual. As such, the Board of Selectmen request that the Board of Assessors abate the unpaid taxes on this property, as calculated from the date of sale by Liberty Mutual through the end of fiscal year 2017. Thank you for your attention to this matter. Very truly yours, Suzanne E. Barry, Chairman Board of Selectmen Treasurer's/Tax Collector's Office Comptroller's Office 1625 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE•LEXINGTON,MASSACHUSETTS 02420 email selectmen@lexingtonma.gov Section 72A Page 1 of 2 General Lauds (/Laws,/GeneralLaws)>> Part I (IlLaws,11GeneralLaws/Part/) >> Title IX (/Laws,/GeneralLaws,11Part//Title/X) >> Chapter sq (/Laws/GeneralLaws/Part//Title/X/Chapters )» SECTION 72A Section 72A: Unpaid real estate taxes; abatement Section 72A. Upon the purchase, other than under eminent domain, or acceptance of a gift of land Located therein by a town, the unpaid real estate taxes shall be adjusted as of the date title passes. The board or department having control of such land may request in writing that the unpaid taxes on said land for the balance of the fiscal year be abated; provided, however, that if the land is so acquired between January second and June thirtieth, inclusive, such board or department may request that the tax assessed against the land for the ensuing fiscal year also be abated. Upon receipt of such request said taxes shall be so abated. Said request shall form a part of the assessors' records of abatement. https.Ilmalegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/Partl/TitlelX/Chapter59/Se... 1111412016 Section 72A Page 2 of 2 https.Ilmalegislature.govILawsIGeneralLawsIPartIlTitleIXICliapter59ISe... 1111412016 AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Preliminary Cemetery Fee Analysis (20 min) PRESENTER: ITEM NUMBER: Claire Goodwin, Management Analyst; David Pinsonneault, DPW Director 1.8 SUMMARY: No vote is requested for this agenda item. In anticipation of planned capital improvements to Westview Cemetery, staff has reviewed the current cemetery fee structure to determine if options exist for funding these improvements, in whole or in part, with cemetery fees. SUGGESTED MOTION: Not at this time. FOLLOW-UP: Based on the Board's comments and questions, staff will update the analysis. DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 8:55 p.m. ATTACHMENTS: Description Type D O a m ia;vv-R ,OHUr tYzrm. Presentation D C onnu,tory Fo fk udysi�;g$oport Backup Matorinl D Appon(fix(,bv a r Page Backup Matorinl D Appondix2 Accounts,&Funds, Backup Matorinl D Appondix'3 5 Source Data Dollbt Sorvices, Drawdown. 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The Town of Lexington oversees and maintains 34 acres of grounds at four cemeteries. The Munroe, Robbins, and Colonial Cemeteries are historic cemeteries and not open for public burials. The Westview Cemetery is the sole cemetery in Lexington available to the public to purchase graves. A small equipment building at the Westview Cemetery serves as the headquarters for the Cemetery Division, and also as the first point of contact and welcome for bereaved customers. The building shows signs of"intensive and varied uses" and the interior "does not meet current codes."' A conceptual study has been prepared for the Department of Public Works to explore options related to the Westview Cemetery Operations and Administrative Building. The conceptual study projected the cost to renovate the existing building at $2.74 million and to construct a new building at $3.04 million. In addition, the section of the cemetery which is currently undeveloped and unopened for grave purchases will need to be opened by FY2023. The cost associated with developing the land totals approximately $100,000. Current Cemetery Fee Structure -When a grave is sold, the proceeds are split: 55% goes into the Cemetery Trust Fund overseen by the Trustees of the Public Trust and 45% goes into a Special Revenue Account, Sale of Cemetery Lots. Revenue generated from the sale of grave boxes goes into the Cemetery Revolving Fund to offset the cost of the grave boxes. All remaining revenue is deposited into the General Fund. The cemetery rates and service fees have not changed since July 1, 2005. Consequently, the Town charges 47% below the average among 18 comparable communities for the sale of a grave. The Town charges 36% below the average to conduct a burial and 63% below the average to conduct a disinterment (see Appendix 6a and 6b). Staff has analyzed the cemetery cost and fee structure and identified three options to adjust fees. An increase in fees could cover all or a portion of the debt service costs for a new cemetery facility and the cost of expansion. 1 See Appendix 1- DPW Conceptual Study. 1 Fee Options Analyzed: The assumptions used for the Total Projected Initial Annual Revenue include funding from Sale of Graves (45%) and the incremental revenue on other burial fees. Proposed new revenue assumes no change in the annual number of burials and the sale of graves from the three year average of FY14-FY16. 1. Option 1—Adjust 2017 cemetery rates by 2.5% annually over 2005 rates and 2.5% every other year beginning FY2019. • Current annual revenue from sale of graves (45%Town share): $43,092 • Estimated annual new revenue: $59,1342 • Total projected initial annual revenue: $102,2263 2. Option 2—Adjust 2017 cemetery rates to the average among Lexington's comparable communities and 2.5% every other year beginning FY2019. • Current annual revenue from sale of graves (45%Town share): $43,092 • Estimated annual new revenue: $139,133 • Total projected initial annual revenue: $182,225 3. Option 3 —Adjust 2017 cemetery rates to cover the estimated debt service for a new/renovated equipment/administration building and maintain a minimum of $100,000 in Sale of Cemetery Lots (approximate 47% increase) and 2.5% every other year beginning FY2019. • Current annual revenue from sale of graves (45%Town share): $43,092 • Estimated annual new revenue: $89,813 • Total projected initial annual revenue: $132,905 Table 1: Summary of Proposed Options Proposed Proposed Proposed Proposed Able to Fully Fund Debt Sale of Cemetery Options Grave and Burial Burial Fee Service on $3m Building Lots Account Care Fee Fee (non- Construction/ Balance (resident) resident) Renovation and Capital Improvement Current $1,140 $600 $810 NA $556,683 Option 1 $1,496 $787 $1,063 No $(621,000) Option 2 $2,148 $936 $1,345 Yes $1,376,000 Option 3 $1,680 $884 $1,194 Yes $145,000 z See Appendix 3- Data for details. s See Appendix 3- Data for details. 2 Table 1 shows that Option 2 and Option 3 are the options analyzed which generates sufficient incremental revenue to cover the added expense of debt service for a new/renovated administration and equipment building and the capital improvement for the cemetery expansion. Option 1 is unable to finance the debt service and the capital improvement. Option 1 would leave a shortfall of$621,000 (see Table 2a)4 which would need to be appropriated from the tax levy/general fund. The calculation used in Tables 2a-2c begins with the Beginning Balance of the Sale of Cemetery Lots Special Revenue Account and adds the Projected Annual Revenue then subtracts the Projected Debt Service on a $3 million bond at a 2% interest rate over a 20 year term and in FY2023, subtracts the $100,000 Future Capital Improvement-Expansion. The ending balance is shown in the far right column: green indicates the account is in the positives, and red when the account is overdrawn. The analysis assumes an increase in fees of 2.5% every other fiscal year. 4 See Appendix 4a—Option 1: Debt Service Drawdown for additional calculation details. 3 Table 2a: Debt Service Funding5-Option 1 Option 1: 2.5%Annual Increase Since 2005 Beginning Balance Less: Future Debt Sale of Cemetery Projected Projected Capital Service Lots Special Annual Debt Improvement Ending Year FY Revenue Account Revenue Service - Expansion Balance FY2017 $ 556,683 $102,226 $ - $ - $ 658,909 FY2018 $ 658,909 $102,226 $ - $ - $ 761,135 1 FY2019 $ 761,135 $104,781 $210,000 $ - $ 655,916 2 FY2020 $ 655,916 $104,781 $207,000 $ - $ 553,698 3 FY2021 $ 553,698 $107,401 $204,000 $ - $ 457,099 4 FY2022 $ 457,099 $107,401 $201,000 $ - $ 363,500 5 FY2023 $ 363,500 $110,086 $198,000 $ 100,000 $ 175,586 6 FY2024 $ 175,586 $110,086 $195,000 $ - $ 90,672 7 FY2025 $ 90,672 $112,838 $192,000 $ - $ 11,510 8 FY2026 $ 11,510 $112,838 $189,000 $ - 9 FY2027 $ (64,652) $115,659 $186,000 $ - 10 FY2028 $ (134,993) $115,659 $183,000 $ - / 11 FY2029 $ (202,334) $118,551 $180,000 $ - % Positives N: 12 FY2030 $ (263,783) $118,551 $177,000 $ - Modest 13 FY2031 $ (322,233) $121,514 $174,000 $ - 14 FY2032 $ (374,718) $121,514 $171,000 $ - increase in 15 FY2033 $ (424,204) $124,552 $168,000 $ _ a fees. 16 FY2034 $ (467,652) $124,552 $165,000 $ - Negatives H: 17 FY2035 $ (508,099) $127,666 $162,000 $ - (f Unable to 18 FY2036 $ (542,433) $127,666 $159,000 $ - 19 FY2037 $ (573,767) $130,858 $156,000 $ - �- finance entire debt service. 201 FY2038 $ (598,910)1 $130,858 1 $153,000 1 $ - Table 2a shows that Option 1 has a projected annual revenue beginning at $102,226. Option 1 begins a negative balance in the Sale of Cemetery Lots in year 8 of the life of the bond (FY2026). 5 Projected debt service is based on$3,000,000 bond at an annual 2%interest rate over a 20 year term. 4 Table 2b: Debt Service Funding-Option 2 Option 2:At Average Beginning Balance Less: Future Debt Sale of Cemetery Projected Projected Capital Service Lots Special Annual Debt Improvement Ending Year FY Revenue Account Revenue Service - Expansion Balance FY2017 $ 556,683 $182,225 $ - $ - $ 738,908 FY2018 $ 738,908 $182,225 $ - $ - $ 921,132 1 FY2019 $ 921,132 $186,780 $210,000 $ - $ 897,912 2 FY2020 $ 897,912 $186,780 $207,000 $ - $ 877,692 3 FY2021 $ 877,692 $191,450 $204,000 $ - $ 865,142 4 FY2022 $ 865,142 $191,450 $201,000 $ - $ 855,592 5 FY2023 $ 855,592 $196,236 $198,000 $ 100,000 $ 753,828 6 FY2024 $ 753,828 $196,236 $195,000 $ - $ 755,063 7 FY2025 $ 755,063 $201,142 $192,000 $ - $ 764,205 Positives (+): 8 FY2026 $ 764,205 $201,142 $189,000 $ - $ 776,347 Able to fully 9 FY2027 $ 776,347 $206,170 $186,000 $ - $ 796,517 fund debt 10 FY2028 $ 796,517 $206,170 $183,000 $ - $ 819,688 service and 11 FY2029 $ 819,688 $211,325 $180,000 $ - $ 851,012 maintain 12 FY2030 $ 851,012 $211,325 $177,000 $ - $ 885,337 healthy balance 13 FY2031 $ 885,337 $216,608 $174,000 $ - $ 927,945 in account. 14 FY2032 $ 927,945 $216,608 $171,000 $ - $ 973,552 15 FY2033 $ 973,552 $222,023 $168,000 $ - $1,027,575 Negatives (-): 16 FY2034 $ 1,027,575 $222,023 $165,000 $ - $1,084,598 Increase in fees 17 FY2035 $ 1,084,598 $227,573 $162,000 $ - $1,150,172 may be 18 FY2036 $ 1,150,172 $227,573 $159,000 $ - $1,218,745 perceived as too 19 FY2037 $ 1,218,745 $233,263 $156,000 $ - $1,296,008 high. 20IFY20381 $ 1,296,008 1 $233,263 1 $153,000 1 $ - 1 $1,376,271 Option 2 maintains a positive ending balance in the Sale of Cemetery Lots though does increase the rates and service fees by the highest amount of all the options. 5 Table 2c: Debt Service Funding-Option 3 Option 3: Increase rates by approximately 47%and maintain $100,000 in account Beginning Balance Less: Future Debt Sale of Cemetery Projected Projected Capital Service Lots Special Annual Debt Improvement Ending Year FY Revenue Account Revenue Service - Expansion Balance FY2017 $ 556,683 $132,905 $ - $ - $689,588 FY2018 $ 689,588 $132,905 $ - $ - $822,493 1 FY2019 $ 822,493 $136,228 $210,000 $ - $748,721 2 FY2020 $ 748,721 $136,228 $207,000 $ - $677,948 3 FY2021 $ 677,948 $139,633 $204,000 $ - $613,581 4 FY2022 $ 613,581 $139,633 $201,000 $ - $552,215 Positives (+): 5 FY2023 $ 552,215 $143,124 $198,000 $ 100,000 $397,339 Able to fully fund 6 FY2024 $ 397,339 $143,124 $195,000 $ - $345,463 debt service and 7 FY2025 $ 345,463 $146,702 $192,000 $ - $300,165 maintain at least 8 FY2026 $ 300,165 $146,702 $189,000 $ - $257,867 $100,000 in Sale 9 FY2027 $ 257,867 $150,370 $186,000 $ - $222,237 of Cemetery Lots. 10 FY2028 $ 222,237 $150,370 $183,000 $ - $189,607 Able to remain 11 FY2029 $ 189,607 $154,129 $180,000 $ - $163,736 below the 12 FY2030 $ 163,736 $154,129 $177,000 $ - $140,865 average in 13 FY2031 $ 140,865 $157,982 $174,000 $ - $124,847 pricing. 14 FY2032 $ 124,847 $157,982 $171,000 $ - $111,829 15 FY2033 $ 111,829 $161,932 $168,000 $ - $105,761 Negatives (-): 16 FY2034 $ 105,761 $161,932 $165,000 $ - $102,693 Increase in fees is 17 FY2035 $ 102,693 $165,980 $162,000 $ - $106,673 approximately 18 FY2036 $ 106,673 $165,980 $159,000 $ - $113,653 47%and may be 19 FY2037 $ 113,653 $170,130 $156,000 $ - $127,783 burdensome. 201 FY20381 $ 127,783 1 $170,130 1 $153,000 1 $ - 1 $144,912 Option 3 maintains a positive ending balance in the Sale of Cemetery Lots and never goes below $100,000. Fee would be raised above levels proposed under Option 1 and below levels under Option 2. 6 Notes on Calculations and Additional Details • The number defined as "Total projected initial annual revenue" and which will supplement the debt service includes the following: 0 45%Town contribution from the sale of a grave (current and post-fee increase) o New incremental revenue generated by increasing the cemetery fees on the cost for burials for residents and non-residents. • "Estimated annual new revenue" was calculated based on the previous three year average sales of graves and burials. If increases were applied across all cemetery rates and service fees, potential revenue would be larger but was not included in the analysis due to the number being minimal compared to the sale of graves and burial fees. • Accounting and Funds—When a grave is sold, 55% of the proceeds are deposited into the Trustees of the Public Trust, Cemetery Trust Fund. Investment interest earned in the account is transferred into the Cemetery Perpetual Care Fund. Each year, $105,000 is transferred out of the Cemetery Perpetual Care Fund and into the General Fund to support the operating budget for the cemetery. The operating budget for the cemetery exceeds the contribution from the Cemetery Perpetual Care Fund and the revenue generated from the cemetery fees. The net difference is supported by the tax levy. FY16 FY15 FY14 FY13 Trust Fund-Cemetery Transfers out(to fund Perpetual Care 83096030 operating budget) $ 105,000 $ 105,000 $ 105,000 $ 105,000 GF Revenue:burials, 10010090- tents,disinterment, ect. 43240 All fees 1 $ 125,5881 $ 133,0791 $ 122,087 $ 122,321 Total Revenue 1 $ 230,5881 $ 238,0791 $ 227,0871 $ 227,321 GF Operating 10049501 Personal Services $ 243,225 $ 222,137 $ 224,765 $ 217,499 GF Operating 10049502 Expenditures $ 76,048 $ 49,345 $ 61,199 $ 61,953 Total Expenditures $319,273 $271,483 $285,964 $279,453 Net Difference-Tax Levy Support 1 $ (88,685) $ (33,404) $ (58,877) $ (52,132) • Under this preliminary analysis, current funding for the cemetery will remain unchanged. Contributions into the General Fund will not be affected because the 45% Town share of the sale of a grave is deposited into the Special Revenue account, Sale of Cemetery Lots. The new incremental revenue is being proposed to be used for servicing the potential debt on the construction or renovation of the building. The Town expects the Trustees of the Public Trust to continue the contribution into the Town's Trust Fund, the Cemetery Perpetual Care Fund, to help finance a portion of the operating budget expenses of the cemetery. 7 Appendix 1—DPW Conceptual Study Appendix 2—Accounts and Funds Appendix 3—Source Data Appendix 4a—Debt Service Drawdown: Option 1 Appendix 4b- Debt Service Drawdown: Option 2 Appendix 4c- Debt Service Drawdown: Option 3 Appendix 5—Debt Service Calculation Appendix 6a—Comps (Body) Appendix 6b—Comps (Ashes) Appendix 1 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT Westview Cemetery Operations & Administration Building Program Study Existing Conditions Report and Programmatic Analysis January 8, 2016 DRAFT Contents of Report 1. Introduction 2. Executive Summary 3. Background I Existing Conditions 4. Existing Conditions Photographs Existing Building Plan Existing Building Elevations 5. Building Program 6. Options Option 1 — Expansion In Place Option 2— New Building at Westview Entrance 7. Cost Estimates TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 1 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT 1. Introduction Project Name and Building Address: Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building —Program Study 520 Bedford Street, Lexington, MA 02420 Description of Scope: TBA Architects was engaged by the Town of Lexington, Department of Public Works and Department of Public Facilities, to review the existing conditions, prepare a program, and develop conceptual design options for the Operations and Administration building at the Westview Cemetery. The building is shared by the grounds maintenance and cemetery administration staff. The conceptual options will follow the space needs developed by Town staff and TBA Architects. Project Team: Town of Lexington— Department of Public Works Bill Hadley—Director David Pinsonneault— Manager of Operations Christopher Filadoro— Public Grounds Superintendent Dennis Mazonne, Cemetery Foreman Jennifer Liu-Beyer, Cemetery Clerk 201 Bedford Street Lexington, MA 02420 781-274-8300 Town of Lexington— Department of Public Facilities Patrick Goddard— Director of Public Facilities 201 Bedford Street Lexington, MA 02420 781-274-8900 Architect—TBA Architects, Inc. M. Russel Feldman, AIA, Principal Robert Jefferies, Principal Justin Humphreys, AIA, Associate Report prepared by Justin Humphreys, TBA Architects TBA Architects, Inc. 43 Bradford St. Suite 300 Concord, MA 01742 Cost Estimates prepared by TBA Architects, Inc. TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 ( www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 2 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT Site Visits: 7/22/15—TBA staff met with representatives of DPW, DPF and cemetery staff to kickoff the project and discuss space needs based on existing and anticipated equipment and furnishings and the programmatic goals of the project based on the ways in which staff operate and perform required tasks. 9/22/15—TBA staff toured the building interior and exterior to observe the existing conditions. No destructive investigation was performed. All observations were visual. Measurements were taken to confirm and revise plans received from the Engineering Department; notes were taken on existing conditions; photographs were taken of existing conditions. 10/20/15—TBA staff met with designated representatives of DPW, DPF and cemetery staff to review preliminary options and report format.A great deal of feedback was received along with further explanation of program space uses and needs of the department. Notes were taken and numerous revisions were made to the conceptual diagrams and further development of the report sections was suggested. Subsequent comments were received via email and phone and were incorporated into this report. Thank you to the staff and administration for your patience and assistance during our visits. TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 3 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8,2016 DRAFT 2. Executive Summary This programmatic and conceptual options study was prepared at the request of the Town of Lexington, Department of Public Works and Department of Public Facilities. Included is a review the existing conditions, a space needs program, and conceptual design options for the Operations and Administration building at the Westview Cemetery. Conceptual options include expansion of the facility in its existing location and a new building on a new location closer to the Westview Street entrance and are illustrated by building plans and site plans. The existing building is a single storey concrete block wall and wood framed hip roof building. Designed in the 1960s and expanded in the early 1980s it houses the grounds maintenance staff and cemetery administration staff. The public is served out of this building as well. There are four garage bays, a small workshop, break room, records room, an administration office, and restrooms and locker spaces for staff. The structure sits roughly in the middle of the cemetery grounds with the front facing the road from Bedford Street. Grounds storage and work areas are focused at the rear of the facility but due to its central and elevated location is visible to the public. Much of the exterior and interior shows signs of the intensive and varied use, but because of the simple and durable construction is in fair condition. The building appears to be sound structurally, primarily due to the concrete block bearing walls. The interior is overburdened by the two current uses and does not meet current codes. Users would like to see changes to the interior to repair the finishes, improve efficiency, provide more space for the many uses, and bring the spaces to up to current safety and health codes. Two initial options are included and are illustrated by a building plan and site plan. • Option 1 illustrates expansion and renovation of the existing building in place. • Option 2 illustrates a new building located at the Westview Street entrance to the cemetery. Conceptual Options Construction Scope and Budget Estimated Project Costs are provided for each option. These include the general construction contract costs, contingencies, architect/engineer fees and FF&E expenses. Estimates include reimbursable expenses for testing of hazardous materials and the cost of remediation should such materials be discovered. (No testing has been done, so these are only estimates.) • Option 1 scope includes renovation of the interior of the existing garage bays and retainage of exterior block walls; expansion of the administration side of the building to provide better staff spaces and public service areas; one additional high bay garage; a new insulated exterior skin; new mechanical and electrical systems; new paved areas and parking; outdoor storage shed. o Estimated Project Cost: $2,740,000 • Option 2 scope includes a new building along Westview St.; new paved areas and parking, new cemetery entrance gate, new outdoor storage shed; efficient layout of shared spaces and separation of operations and administration spaces; demolition of existing building and restoration of site into the landscape. o Estimated Project Cost: $3,040,000 TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 4 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT 3. Background/ Existing Conditions Description of Building: Construction Materials: Exterior: painted concrete block walls, wood fascia and trim, aluminum gutters, aluminum downspouts, wood truss roof framing, asphaltic fiberglass roof, EPDM membrane roof, aluminum windows, steel doors and frames. Interior: unfinished concrete floors, carpet,VCT, porcelain tile floors, ceramic tile and drywall walls, drywall and lay-in tile with exposed grid ceilings, flush wood doors and wood frames, and steel doors and frames. Area: 2300 sf Utility Area Fencing: chainlink with barbed wire top on steel posts (photo 12). The operations building sits in a prominent location at the center of the cemetery's rolling green landscape. Visitors can see the utilitarian building soon after entering the grounds, which is a benefit for those with business to conduct. However, the back-of-house look to the building is not suited to this location and the building's current use. All cemetery operations—grounds and monuments maintenance, burial services, sales and administration —take place in the small concrete block structure. (Photos 1-6) The Operations and Administration Building is a 1960's era concrete and brick masonry maintenance and office building. In addition to the expansion and renovation done in the early 1980's the office and associated garages have undergone several modifications throughout the years, including the removal of private offices, addition of bathroom and locker rooms and mechanical space. Several functions are housed in this split level building including: service vehicle storage, extra parts and supply storage, small equipment maintenance, workshop areas, staff break and service areas and administrative office space. All spaces can be accessed by the staff internally with the workshop and break rooms acting as passage between the operations and administration functions. (Photos 13-19 and 24) The building is not handicap accessible and does not appear to have been updated or modified recently to have been required to do so. Restrooms are available for the staff and are used by the visitors/clientele if necessary. Overall, the building is in fair condition with signs of wear from great use, overcrowding, and remnants of obsolete systems throughout. We inspected the exterior visually from the ground levels; the interior was inspected visually top to bottom; and, the roof from the ground level. This description of existing conditions is based on the Uniformat Outline system for describing building assemblies. The following summary is based on that outline. A. The substructure is not visible, but is assumed sound as there are no signs of differential settlement. B. The shell is in fair to good condition. Concrete block is in fair condition with areas that have eroded away at grade, corners that are chipped and areas with persistent water penetration. Mortar at concrete block areas are in various states of repair and repointing is necessary in some areas. Brick piers between overhead doors are in good condition with mortar joints in good condition. Windows are non-thermally broken aluminum frames with TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 5 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT thin insulating glass that appear beyond their expected lifetime. The remnants of antiquated security tape are on the glass. The shingle roof appears in good condition, while some areas around the edges of the low slope membrane in need of repair. C. The interior has had minor reconfigurations over the years and the finishes throughout date to their original construction. They are tired and worn from years of regular use. D. Services • Elevators: No elevator exists. • HVAC systems: See below for details. Staff have expressed concerns about the transfer of vehicle exhaust and fuel fumes between the operations and administration spaces. The two functions share a single HVAC system. • Plumbing systems: See below. • Electrical equipment: See below. • Fire safety and alarm: See below. E. Furnishings and equipment were not subject to review but are commented under the program section of this report. F. Special Construction was not subject to review. G. Site Work was observed adjacent to the building. The pavement is in disrepair and edges are not well defined. Asphalt is poured directly against the north side of the building and has created areas where water is trapped and has eroded the block wall. Small retaining walls require rebuilding. Existing Conditions and Treatment Recommendations What follows reflects our observations of the condition of the structure and recommended treatments organized in the ten section Uniformat system, per Commonwealth of Massachusetts standards. A. SUBSTRUCTURE A10 Foundations There are no visible areas of the foundation at the exterior. Some is visible inside the garage bays and appears in good condition. It is assumed foundations are fundamentally sound with little cracking or settlement failures observed. Blocks have deteriorated at the north and west elevations where abutting asphalt. There appear to be some old utility connection points that have allowed water to penetrate and pond against the block eroding the outer wall of the blocks away and revealing the cavity in the blocks (photo 7). A20 Substructure—Not Observed B. SHELL B10 Superstructure The building is classified as type VB, unprotected, combustible structure constructed of masonry exterior walls with gypsum wall board finish at the interior, unprotected wood roof framing and concrete slab floors. B1010 Floor Construction: Concrete slab floors in the garage and workshop areas and stairs connecting the two are in fair to good condition with expected wear and cracking. Concrete slab is TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 6 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT under various floor finishes in the administrative area. There are no signs of unexpected deterioration of the finished floors, so the slab is assumed in fair to good condition as well. Treatment Recommendation: None required. B1020 Roof Construction: Wood framing, where visible, is in good condition. The roof is a combination of hip and low slope geometries. The asphalt shingle appears in good condition with a few areas of displaced flashing. The membrane roof is in good condition and runs up the small sidewall with the garage. Fascia and trim boards are in need of replacement where the shingle and membrane roofs meet. Crown moulding is separating at points along the soffit at the east and south elevations (photo 4). Gutters and downspouts are aluminum. Gutters are in good condition at the south, east and north elevations. The gutter at the west elevation is damaged along the low slope roof. Downspouts and leaders are in poor condition with dents and are disconnected from the gutters in a few locations (photo 10). The elbow at the southwest corner has been replace with a flexible vinyl and the elbow at the middle of the west wall is disconnected. Treatment Recommendation: None required. B20 Exterior Closure B2010 Exterior Walls: The walls are constructed of brick and CMU block. All walls are painted. (Photos 4-6) Mortar type is likely Type S in standard joints because the walls are load bearing, but is painted and cannot be confirmed by sight. The exterior walls are in fair/good condition with areas of block and mortar erosion various locations and requiring some repointing and repair at this time, especially on the north elevation. Repointing has been done on an as need basis over time. Lines of addition construction are visible at the north and west walls and mortar has separated from the block in these locations. Block has been damaged or chipped away at the northeast and southwest corners, likely from vehicles or equipment (photo 9). The southwest corner has been patched with mortar. All walls, block and brick, are painted. The paint is in fair condition. Signs of persistent water problems exist at the east elevation between the two office windows where it appears that calcium hydroxide pockets have been painted over in the past (photo 8). Door and Window Openings: Window and door heads are constructed of steel lintels with the exception of the overhead doors along the west side which have cast in place concrete lintels. All of the steel lintels appear to be galvanized and are in good condition without excessive rust. Cast in place lintels area also in good condition and are painted the same as the brick and block. Overhead door openings along the west fagade are protected at the bottom six feet by 4x4 steel angles grouted into the corners as well as freestanding bollards between the openings. All are painted and appear in good condition. Treatment Recommendation: B2010 Exterior Walls: Cut out the mortar in the failing areas to a minimum depth of 5/8" and repoint with mortar of a matching type and color. Paint should be scraped at the full surface and then primed and repainted. Calcium hydroxide deposits should be removed TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 7 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT prior to repainting. Wood trim and fascia at the low sloped roof should be replaced. The crown moulding needs to be reset and fastened to the fascia boards. B2020 Exterior Windows: Windows are non-thermally broken aluminum frame and sash with thin double glazing and date from the time of original construction. Operation was not checked in all locations, but the garage windows look in disrepair and all show signs of neglect. Remnants of antiquated security tape remain on all windows. (Photo 23) Treatment Recommendation: The windows are beyond their serviceable life and should be replaced. B2030 Exterior Doors: The man-doors are steel with hollow metal frames and no vision panels. All are painted. Frames appear to be welded and grouted in place. All frames have rust at the bottom three inches.All doors have rust at their base and around the lower hinges. Door hardware is fair to good, all being operational. All exterior man-doors swing to the exterior with one from the administration area, one from the workshop, and one from the garage bays. There are two types and sizes of overhead doors. The three at the west elevation are 104"wide by 9'-6"tall uninsulated painted wood doors. The single overhead door at the south elevation is an 8'-0"wide by 7'-0"tall uninsulated composite door. There are no vision panels in the doors. None of the doors are motorized. Doors are in good condition and there are no reports of malfunction. Treatment Recommendation: Steel entry doors and frames should be scraped free of rust, primed and painted. Regularly scheduled maintenance of doors and hardware will maintain serviceability for the expected life cycle. Overhead doors require paint as the finish is at the end of its expected life. B3020 Roof Openings: Roof access is via ladder only. There are various ventilation hoods and other mechanical and plumbing penetrations.All of the flashing, curbs and boots appear in good condition as observed from the ground. Treatment Recommendation: None required. Caulk: Caulking is drying, cracking and separating at locations around doors and windows. Treatment Recommendation: The caulking should be removed and replaced with a multi-part polyurethane or a single component silicone suitable for masonry to metal joints and an acrylic at wood joints. Paint: Paint system is fair on all doors, frames and overhead doors. The exterior wall paint has failed is peeling at several locations close to grade on all elevations and at some areas of step cracking with the remainder of the walls in fair condition. (Photos 8-9) TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 8 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT Treatment Recommendation: Scrape and remove all loose and flaking paint at the exterior walls and trim. Remove the calcium hydroxide pockets at the east elevation water damage areas. Remove all loose paint at door frames and doors. Scraping, priming with oil base primer and two coats of gloss paint for the door frame and door. Finish coats of enamel formulated to be compatible with and made by the same manufacturer of the primer. C. INTERIORS C 10 Interior Construction Drywall and wood stud framed partitions make up most of the interior of this building. Partitions between the break and vault rooms and workshop and garage are concrete block; the original building exterior walls. All appear to be sound in construction while showing years of use. (Photos 13 and 15) C20 Stairs C2010 Stair Construction: A single half flight of stairs exists in the garage and traverse the 2'-10" change in floor elevation between the workshop and the garage. Stairs are poured in place concrete and are in good condition while showing years of use. The treads and risers are within current code required dimensions at 11"and 6%"respectively. Treatment Recommendation: None required. C2014 Stair Handrails and Balustrades: There is no handrail or guard and one should be added at both sides of the stair. Treatment Recommendation: Install code compliant handrail and guard of primed and painted steel pipe. C 30 Interior Finishes C3010 Wall Finishes: Interior walls are raw concrete block in the garage; a mix of painted concrete block and drywall at the workshop and mechanical rooms; and drywall in most administration areas. Most paint is intact but shows its age. Many of the walls are impossible to inspect due to the copious amount furniture, equipment and materials that this multi-purpose building is required to house. The restrooms have a wainscoat of tile on the walls that is worn from use but is intact and functioning. Wall base, where visible, is worn and in poor to fair condition. Treatment Recommendation: Repaint all walls. Check the grout and repair as required at all tiled areas. Replace all vinyl base. C 3020 Floor Finishes VCT: The vault room, corridor, break room, locker portion of the men's room and mechanical room have 12x12 VCT flooring. All areas a subjected to heavy traffic in a small area leading to TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 9 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT Hazardous materials testing has not been performed and no destructive investigation was conducted. Carpet: Carpet tile throughout the administrative room is in fair condition, but is at the end of its useful life. Porcelain Tile: Both bathrooms have porcelain ceramic tile that is in good condition and appear to date from the time of the buildings construction. Thresholds are marble at the doorways and at the transition to VCT in the men's locker area. Concrete: Garage bays and workshop have exposed, unfinished concrete surfaces that are in good condition with staining but minimal cracking. Walkoff mats are used in the workshop. C3030 Ceiling Finishes Drywall ceilings are in good condition at most locations and only show staining near ventilation return registers. Lighting fixtures are surface mounted or suspended from the ceilings. Two by two lay in tile ceilings with exposed T-grid are found in the administration room, vault room, corridor and original portions of the bathrooms. Lighting fixtures are surface mounted in these areas. The tiles are in fair condition showing signs of their age including yellowing, staining from ventilation registers and displacement in some tiles. Garage bays have no ceiling; underside of joists and foil faced insulation are exposed to view. Light fixtures are surfaced mounted to strapping under the insulation. (Photos 13-16 and 20) Treatment Recommendation: Carpeting should be replaced and consideration should be given to a more durable carpet at the entrance door especially. Walkoff mats on the carpet could be considered or possibly replacing the walkway area with VCT. The VCT should be replaced with new VCT sealed with four coats of wax or with rubber. D. SERVICES D10 Conveying D1010 Elevators and Lifts: There are no elevators or lifts in the building. D20 Existing Plumbing Systems Presently, the Plumbing Systems serving the building are cold water, hot water, sanitary, waste and vent systems, and natural gas. The building is serviced by municipal water and private on-site septic sewer systems. D2010 Plumbing Fixtures: Plumbing fixtures generally are in fair condition. The water closets are vitreous china floor mounted, two piece tank type and standard 1.6 gallon flush. All are in working order with no complaints from staff. Lavatories are vitreous china wall mounted with exposed drain and supply piping. Faucets are chrome hot and cold knob type and single spigot. Locker room shower is a fiberglass modular unit with pressure balanced mixing shower valves. Showers do not meet accessibility code requirements as wheel-in threshold exceeds 3/4". Break room kitchenette area has a freestanding plastic service type sink on legs and a gooseneck faucet with blade handles. It is in fair condition. Sink does not meet accessibility requirements. There is no other service or slop sink in the facility. TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 10 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT D2020 Domestic Water Distribution: The water supply service, distribution and waste piping were not observed in detail on our visit. The water main shutoff and meter are located in the southeast corner of the workroom (photo 22). Domestic hot water is generated through a tank type gas-fired water heater located in the building mechanical room. The heater has a maximum input of 36,000 btuh and 40 gallons of storage. The age of the heater is unknown but appears to be in good condition. It is vented through the membrane roof above via vent stack that extens above the height of the adjacent hip roof. There was no thermostatic mixing valve observed. D2030 Domestic Waste Water System: Building water waste is via a small on site leaching pit. Inspections were not made, but the system sits below the front parking area adjacent to the hillside. The system is antiquated and undersized for expansion of the facilities. D2040 Rain Water Drainage: Rainwater is collected at the perimeter of the building via aluminum gutters and diverted underground via five aluminum downspouts. D2090 Other Plumbing Systems (Natural Gas): The building is serviced by natural gas. The gas meter is located at the north elevation on the northwest corner of the building, adjacent to the locker room and air handling unit. Gas is supplied to the HVAC unit, unit heaters at the garage bays and domestic water heater. The gas piping is steel pipe with screwed joints. Plumbing Treatment Recommendations: Renovate existing Toilet Rooms and Kitchenette to meet ADA/MAAB requirements and water conservation mandates. Install separate facilities for the public and staff. Install thermostatic mixing valve at domestic water heater to prevent scalding if not already present. The waste water system is antiquated and should be replaced or the building connected to the municipal sewer. The gas service would need to be reviewed further for an expansion. D30 Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) D3020 Heat Generating System: The existing heating system consists of a gas fired air handling unit providing condition and ventilation air via exposed and concealed ducts to all spaces. It is unclear if the ductwork has been completely decoupled from the garage bays. Staff noted that there is often transfer of fumes between operations and administration spaces which is unpleasant and unhealthy and presents some problem when working with the public. There is exhaust which is located in the bathrooms and garage areas. Mechanical Room: The heating plant consists of one (1)gas fired Bryant Heating and Cooling air handler(model#574ANW042090AB, serial#1107G31348). It runs on 208/230 V, 60A, single phase power and has a maximum output of 72K btuh with an efficiency of 80.6%. It is located at the exterior of the building on the northwest corner and ducted to the interior through the mechanical room and then branches out to all spaces (photo 11). It appears that the system has been detached from the garage bays, but as the system serves the workroom which is often open TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 11 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT to the garage bays transfer of air is common and unwanted. Ductwork appears intact throughout, except where it has been disconnected in the garage bays. The entire system appears near the end of expected life. Automatic Temperature Control: The Automatic temperature controls for the entire building is controlled via one thermostat located in the corridor outside the bathrooms. It appears to be programmable, but not connected to a building management system. Operations and Administration Space: Heating, ventilation and air conditioning is provided by the single air handler to all spaces. Supply and return registers were observed in the ceilings of spaces with lay in tile, in the drywall ceiling of the workroom and in the sides of the exposed ducts in the break room. Ductwork is likely in need of cleaning as evidenced by the staining adjacent to the registers. Garage: Heat is provided by gas fired unit heaters with heating elements suspended 16" below the underside of the structure (drywall covers the structure above these elements) running between the three overhead doors (photo 20). Both elements are vented directly through the east wall with windmill vents. Ventilation is both by natural means (opening doors) and by mechanical means via two exhaust fans with motorized louvers directly vented through the east and south walls (photo 18). Remnants of ductwork are still present throughout the garage making it difficult to determine what is connected and operational. Regardless of the connection of the ductwork penetrations through the wall to the breakroom and ultimately the administration spaces can be seen that are not sealed to prevent air transfer(photo 22). Restrooms: The Restrooms are heated through the same air handler as other spaces. There is an exhaust in each space which appears to be connected to the ventilation system as it appears an old direct through-wall vent has been decommissioned. HVAC Treatment Recommendation: Install a new HVAC system with separate zone control for the different functions. Ensure that air is not transferred between the administration and operations and garage spaces. D40 Existing Fire Protection Systems D4020 Standpipes: There is no fire sprinkler system. There is a fire alarm system with the main panel located in the southeast corner of the garage bays. Pulls and strobes are located by the exit doors. The system was not reviewed, but noted to be present, and is likely not up to the most current code. D50 Electrical The building has been provided with a few electrical updates including lighting, panel boards, and wiring devices. The existing electrical service is provided underground to the building which feeds the existing main breaker panel board located in the southeast corner of the garage (photo 21). The lighting throughout the building consists of fluorescent fixtures. Most of the lighting in the building is still original. The existing electrical equipment (main breaker panel board) is in good TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 12 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT condition. The fire alarm system likely needs additional devices to provide the required coverage. Additional emergency lights and exit signs are likely required to provide full coverage. D5010 Electrical Distribution System: Existing service consists of an underground service rated at 200A, 120/208V, 30, 4 wire. The meter is located on the interior of the building below the panel. The main service consists of a 200A main circuit breaker panel located in the southeast corner of the garage bays (photo 21). D5020 LIGHTING AND BRANCH WIRING D5021 Branch Wiring: Most of the wiring devices are old with insufficient number of outlets located throughout the building. D5022 Lighting: Interior lighting consists of 2x4 surface mounted fluorescent fixtures with pebbled plastic lenses in offices, break room and bathrooms. Garage bays and workroom have 1x4 surface mounted fluorescent fixtures with no lenses. All are on standard switches without occupancy sensors. Given the age of the fixtures and building the lamps are at least T8 and possibly T12 sizes. Exterior lighting consists mainly of surface HID fixtures mounted at the entrance. D5030 COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY D5032 Security System: A security panel is located in the workroom with a keypad. D5033 Telephone System: The building is served by a fiber optic cable that enters the building at the east wall of the garage bay and is then fed to the administration areas via surface mounted conduit (photo 21). Likely the telephones are VOIP in keeping with the Town's standard. Data is likely provided with this fiber optic line as well. D5037 Fire Alarm: Presently there is an existing fire alarm system with a primary box located in the southeast corner of the garage bay and an annunciator panel by the main administration entrance (photo 21). The entire system was not observed or analyzed for code compliance. D5090 OTHER ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS D5092 Emergency Lighting: Emergency lighting was not reviewed, but none is apparent. Exit signs do not appear to be present either. Electrical Treatment Recommendation: Lighting should be upgraded to LED and placed on occupancy sensors. Convenience and data outlets should be augmented. Emergency lighting and exit signs should be installed meeting current code. E. Equipment and Furnishings Not Used F. Special Construction and Demolition Not Used G. Building Sitework G20 Site Improvements TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 13 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT G2030 Surfacing and Exterior Steps: Site work will be reviewed by our consultants if necessary. However we noted the following conditions of concern immediately adjacent to the building. The pavement abuts the building along most of the perimeter and is in varying states of repair. The north side has separated from the building and is providing free access to water penetration into holes left by former utility connections and causing the erosion of the exterior block walls (photo 7). The fieldstone retaining wall at the midpoint of the east wall has bene repointed several times and the current mortar is cracking (photo 12). Treatment Recommendation: Asphalt should be removed at the north side, holes in the block patched, old utilities fully disconnected, and pavement replaced with a positive pitch away from the building. The cap of the wall should be removed, integrity of the wall determined and if necessary part of the wall should be rebuilt. TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 14 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT 4. Existing Conditions Photographs � s :i �m yrl., 0 r 1. Existing Bedford Street Entrance 2. Existing East Fagade (public approach) ed R� I 3. Existing West Fagade with overhead door 4. Existing East Fagade entrance doors r iili V Iojlluil'iliYii I I o A to iiu ' "` r/rr uiii ai � it i i9!!!!!!!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII rug iu i 'uu 5. Existing South Fagade with overhead door 6. Existing North Fagade TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 15 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT p rg wii �r^✓ 1,rb4' ��K �"nr tl 0�„/y/� j��i( //�rp � d ouZ"x. �9N%c�a l�io4'rwi i/ua�✓�%. �i r`�;�'°' m�c�l��l� ���1���(k�/l�i������ie,G., tiwm�IPw �mi( � rva'I ro �^,1 n, .�rbr!. i. 7. Detail of deteriorated block at grade 8. Detail of paint spalling due to moisture f �f 4yQ� !�/ii,Nl rll U yl fN 9. Damaged northeast corner 10. Disconnected gutter at low slope and hip roofs y / a✓ �n r k J�� x n. P 11. HVAC unit in fenced yard 12. Utility yard with chainlink fence TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 16 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT iiiiii , � nl H, l; { 13. Existing administration office 14. Records vault and storage room r p r'/ r I I 1 Jr f 15. Existing break/staff meeting room 16. Existing maintenance workroom Y nu yy 'I I i 17. Existing workbench and tool storage in 18. Existing garage bays (looking at south door) workroom TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 17 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT Li moo;"I I I i , w 19. Existing garage (service carts) 20. Unit heaters and lighting in garage bays l + I poi f i n i fh, lIIIIIIIIaa uuuuuuu n.,. kPWN� µgmnoi T i 21. Utility connections in southeast corner of garage 22. Water service and fiber optic cable penetration between garage in southeast corner of workroom dui I % u 23. Existing window with antiquated security tape 24. 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Building Program TBA staff have met with staff from the Town DPW, Public Buildings and Cemetery staff. What follows summarizes the proposed building program for the Westview Cemetery Building based on those conversations. The Cemetery holds about 200 burials and sells between 100 and 120 plots each year. Program for the structure and site is categorized into Public and Operations Functions. Public: includes visitors to purchase grave sites, inquiries pertaining to existing grave sites and family history, and the bereaved. Additionally, consideration should be given to creating a future site for ceremonies. Operations: includes landscaping and grounds maintenance, burial including digging, concrete mixing for foundations for memorial markers; and limited levels of equipment maintenance (motor repair takes place off site); storage of equipment and supplies. Need for separate ventilation and sound isolation from Public functions. Consideration should be given to separating the public and operations functions, either through separate entrances and building forms, or by separate buildings. SITE Trucks 2— 1-ton dump trucks; 2 tractors 1 — F150 Pickup 1 —backhoe Cars 2 office; 2 grounds; 1 summer. Parking could be combined or separate. Site operations around building Concrete mixing, limited scope approx. 24 bags/year. Sand and mortar storage; no salt storage. Vehicle cleaning Equipment wash down Power washer connection Storage No propane or explosives Secure area for storage Burial Vaults 32 on site stacked 2x3x6 Under cover 2000 Ibs each, backhoe access Landscape Materials 2-3 bins: compost; topsoil; mulch Environmental factors Storm water management Managed on site, no special requirements TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 23 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT Oil separator holding tank Required where vehicles stored BUILDINGS Operations Truck bays 2 - 1-ton dump trucks; 2 -tractors; 1 - F150 Pickup; 1 - backhoe 2 vehicles at 65 deg; 2 at 50 deg preferred Tandem bays allowed Wash bay preferred 12 ft x 12 ft OH doors Exhaust: general space exhaust, no Plymovents req'd Utilities: 120 v power only [confirm] Chainfall (1 bay minimum, small engine capacity) Equipment Room Compressor: access from Truck Bays and Work Space Equipment storage Interior storage Backback blowers String trimmers Graveside equipment/lowering devices (2) Exterior storage Plow blades Lawnmower 84 in wide (2nd unit in future) Tractor attachments, 6 total @16 sf each Landscape vacuum/site sweeper(tow behind) Interior storage preferred; covered and unconditioned space a possible alternative Work Space 30 ft work bench, 3-4 stations DPW staff sometimes uses Utilities: plumbing, task lighting, 120v electrical outlets 90%of the equipment is 120 V [confirm any 240 v equipment] No need for tel/data Storage Tool storage Small engine equipment Palletized goods Fertilizer Seed Restrooms Male Toilet, urinal, shower, locker, changing room Female Toilet, sink, shower, locker, changing room TBA Architects, Inc. ( 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 24 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT Fuel/Combustibles 15-20 gal gas 5 gal pesticides Minor quantities of: Break fluid Solvents Lubricants Degreasers No drum storage Parking 4-6 cars for staff Security Intrusion alarm Access: coordinate with Town policy [Swipe card?] Public Clerk Office 1 station Computer function/Internet link Ability to meet with public, conference with 2 at desk May be combined with Foreman's office, waiting area Foreman Office 1 station, computer function/Internet link May be combined with Clerk's office Expansion station for summer staff Waiting Room 4 capacity, in sight of Clerk's office Couch seating Clerical Services Copier, scanner: 11x17 production Paper, ink supplies Records Storage 150 sf estimated need Files [#legal, #letter drawers] *14 legal size books anywhere from Y-5" high, old deeds, 19 volume 21/2"thick, deceased/lot owner index cards and miscellaneous books in the fireproof safe which is 72"tall and 46"wide. *one 66" high X 42"cabinet(5 drawers), four 53" high X 18"wide cabinets (4 drawers; one fireproof) and a safe. I suspect we will need at least three cabinets (66"X 42")to accommodate the files I have in Town Hall (five boxes)and Carry Hall (I have not been able to see the boxes as it has been under renovation). Shelves [linear feet] Drawings—"relatively little" bin storage sufficient Table, single station chair for 5-30 minute searches [need to clarify Town Hall material to relocate] Environmental: well lighted, archive-level HVAC control Meeting Rooms 8— 10 staff maximum: conference format Computer access Staff Break Room Kitchenette TBA Architects, Inc. ( 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 25 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT TV Tel/data/Internet link 1 station desk Restrooms Male, accessible Toilet, sink Female, accessible Toilet, sink Single accessible unisex possible if combined with staff toilet Separate off-hours entry for the public Security Intrusion alarm Access technology: coordinate with Town policy Parking 4 -6 visitor cars; 1 accessible space Ceremonial/Chapel Use Meeting Room Seating 50 maximum, moveable seating Video capability Speaker amplification Conditioned for year-round use Storage Seating, tables, display devices Restrooms Male, accessible Toilet, sink Female, accessible Toilet, sink Single accessible unisex possible if combined with other facilities Parking 2 accessible spaces only; other parking on cemetery roads TBA Architects, Inc. ( 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 26 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT 6. Options Our options and the scope of work developed consist of: • Option 1 illustrates expansion and renovation of the existing building in place. • Option 2 illustrates a new building located at the Westview Street entrance to the cemetery. In the adjacency diagrams Public spaces are indicated in green, Administrative spaces in orange, Shared spaces (between Administration and Operations) in purple, Operations spaces in blue, and mechanical in grey. Three goals are addressed in each option: 1. Separation of the public from the operations and maintenance functions of the building by obscuring vision from the exterior and prohibiting accidental access at the interior. 2. Creating efficiencies in overlapping uses of spaces between the administrative staff and operations staff. 3. Providing proper spaces and adjacencies for the efficient use of the building by each of the three user groups. Option 1 Building:Renovation and expansion of the existing building at the center of the cemetery. Most of the exterior walls and some of the interior could be retained of the existing 2,300 sf building. Expansion of approximately 3,300 sf is shown to provide the code and proper functional space required for the shared portions of the program. Some expansion for a new public entrance and waiting area is shown that would allow for the area needed to better serve clients as well as improve the public image of the building approaching from Bedford Rd. The diagram indicates renovation and reuse of the existing garage bays and a new high bay is shown for the backhoe along with a larger tool and workroom. The existing building shell would be insulated at the exterior with new cladding, tying the new and old together. Yard: Public and administrative staff parking is provided at the front of the building on a new defined loop road. The retaining wall would be removed and the slope graded naturally. Operations enters the rear of the building on a different road and the three sided approach is eliminated. An approximately 1,500 sf shed is shown for storage of vaults and landscaping materials. Space for equipment cleaning and outdoor storage is planned between the new building and the shed. Operations staff parking is in the new rear yard. The shed and plantings would obscure public vision into the work yard. Code Commentary. Codes analyses were not prepared at this conceptual and programmatic level. Option 2 Building:A new building along Westview St. The building contains all programmed spaces with efficiency found in using the shared spaces between operations and administration as occasional circulation. Approximately 6,400 sf of new construction, single storey with a public face along the road and the operations behind. Clients and administrative staff enter along the road side, sharing a vestibule. TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 27 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT Administrative staff are adjacent to the public waiting room, have direct access to a workroom and files storage and are adjacent to restrooms and break room shared with the operations staff. The public does not have direct access to any of the back of house or operations spaces without passing through administrative spaces. Operations spaces (workroom and garage bays) are separated from the administrative spaces by shared restrooms and break spaces and face mainly to the rear of the building. Yard: All new parking areas and operations yard. The administration faces road and the cemetery with parking for public accessible from the existing cemetery road. A new entry gate of stone and iron would be planned for the entrance from Westview Street. Operations enters the rear of the building farther down the road. An approximately 1,500 sf shed is shown for storage of vaults and landscaping materials. Space for equipment cleaning and outdoor storage is planned between the new building and the shed. The shed and plantings would obscure public vision into the work yard. Code Commentary. Codes analyses were not prepared at this conceptual and programmatic level. TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 28 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT Conceptual Program Summary of Alternates Option 1 Option 2 Program Renovation New Building Site Covered Storage** 1435** 1575** Operations High Garage Bay 980 2160 Low Garage Bay 1090 335 Workroom 440 375 Staff Entry 501 90 Public Public Entry 90 100 Public Restroom 50 50 Waiting Room 125 150 Administration Administration 440 490 Records Storage 160 170 Printer Area/Paper Storage 45 110 Meeting Room 250 255 Kitchen/Break Room 105 155 Women's Locker Room 210 255 Men's Locker Room 280 335 Circulation 249 170 Support Mechanical Room 1401 140 Total NET SQUARE FEET 4704 5340 Efficiency Factor 20% 941 1068 Total GROSS SQUARE FEET 5645 6408 **Covered Storage not included in SF totals TBAArchitects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA01742 ( 781-893-5828 ( www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 29 § / co/ / / Q \ � /3 / k \ o z o § / / � 7 2 2 y a -0 / o / ) \ co / E E o 2 3 � @ ƒ / / ¥ ƒ a / / / ° § § e c c@ 2 y 2 m f \ o co / 8 \ 7 » t ± A § 7 m m o � � 9 2 ® � e E § 2 2 0 7 k \ ° Coz / _ J � = o \ 5 c m ® .7 c c m c c .@ s o 7 k 2 f ® § § 3 y ƒ 7 S A tCC ® .5 c .c b m y f \ 8 0 \ e y ƒ o & y 7 G 3 k 3 0 / / R / z k ƒ / / / / f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ) c � ƒ @ f m 7 � w k 0 g > ® 7 a E \ _ o ƒ ® a / � § c / o ƒ ƒ % ƒ 2 & G 2 / e % § 2G e 2 o — — & ® a / co60- cm k coo § ./ / / CO CO / co o c * 2 8 2 2 2 ?_ g g c ® 3 « / w 3 3 \ @ 7 k / LU @ & / / ® % / § ƒ § % JCY) @ Z b 5 o c 2 3 7 2 co ._ c .m c m 2 o -zz .m m 7 t 7 C7) / k / \ / 4 m E E c � 7 m G G § % ± % f e o « C = o = _ / k 3 ƒ $ 7 f 3 ƒ ƒ 70 3 3 2 / / / / R f / 0 LL- tm = / E o a % m U) R a) 3CN o / % c 2 0 ± © $ 0 / / LU t t ƒ L) z ssdV v� v � 11w1\ \ l z z ¢w H W �z O� L V �i `/ LU > ©z w > LL w y / � � z _ --ZSI--- _ s/ \\ i \ ,(_____--- __-- / w ¢ \ a 148 � �> — ,ow5 v I CL / CL v A vt W --_ / N \\ I1 \\ t\ % % \�fl -�§`------- O CL \ / z N a^' W � T W to EY F— co ��\ \ L4 \ w In Lu i I W z w z ry -- U_azt� 1 — W w v A Q —` - --- o i LU to O z I LU LU U Q \ I W Z \\83 \ \ 3 0 0 LL Z Vl W C7 W ` J � Ir z W W m g �1Klp, am uuguem m I / 1 I d I I I A 1 I I \ Z v v � v v ��� �� I AV 1 1 Av I ` I ►e�ti V I CL CL W H �\ .ni',� i v ---- -- ` __--- —� cn n = to W JQ — ------- — -- — ^5 i CC w CNC _ _ --- 152------ w N L Q Z Lu� Z�5 1-- LU V O ------ Q U � w 3 Q 11J D o _ � ---------------------------,4a---------- w � ---------- ---- U o ��------ --- —148-' LU z O U IIIIIIIIIIII � " � !� _ IIIIIIIIIIII s IIIIIIIIIIII �� IIIIIIIIIIIIIII [ ««iii«< Illllllllulllll 1° � z Z LL W N C7 LU Ir zW Wmo am Iaag2,U l \ i x I � I I � I I i I I II i ---------- —Pet__ J z / N y. Z O \ \ Y Y I CL Lu U F Lu J o ICL ��o w W wN I II 1 i V A I 1 r A I 1 � I vv I A I Z� m W \ � N I \ I\ Q \ I o - o �o o�LL¢ I 1 W Z �� vV Q E I w z I w 3: U O LUz � U II I�O�I ► II uuuuuuuu IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIal IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIII �iiiiiiiiii Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations &Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT 5. Cost Estimate What follows is an conceptual estimate for each option based on square feet and whole building systems that assumes a single general construction contract publicly procured under the provisions of MGL chapter 149 for work scheduled to commence in middle to late 2016. Work includes materials, trade labor, general conditions and overhead and profit markups, which forms the Total Estimated Construction Cost. The Recommended Construction Budget includes design and construction contingencies, escalation percentage to expected bid time, and in the case of option 1 an estimate for temporary leased space. The Estimated Project Cost includes design fees, civil engineering fees, and a small budget for soils and hazardous materials testing. An estimated sum for hazardous materials testing of site or structure or remediation of those hazardous materials is included anticipating that they will be discovered. In the new building option, an estimate of the cost of demolishing the existing building and restoring the site is included. This estimate does not include the costs of project management,furniture, fixtures and equipment (FF&E), or moving. TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA 01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 36 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT Conceptual Program Cost Estimate Option 1-Existing Building Renovation Unit No. Unit Unit Cost Total Demolition Selective Site Demolition S.Y. 2204 $ 9.90 $ 21,816 Roof Demolition s.f. 2372 $ 3.00 $ 7,116 Selective Exterior Demolition s.f. 1326 $ 8.00 $ 10,608 Interior Gut Demolition s.f. 2200 $ 12.50 $ 27,500 Subtotal, unadjusted $ 67,040 Job Size Factor 1 $ 67,040 Location Factor 18% $ 12,067 Subtotal $ 79,107 Site Site Preparation ea 1 $ 6,880.00 $ 6,880 Stormwater Management ea 0.75 $ 66,750.00 $ 50,063 Hard Stand Area s.f. 3450 $ 5.00 $ 17,250 New Paving s.f. 6248 $ 5.00 $ 31,240 Parking ea 18 $ 1,690.00 $ 30,420 Utilities ea 0.75 $ 34,752.00 $ 26,064 Subtotal, unadjusted $ 161,917 Job Size Factor 1 $ 161,917 Location Factor 18% $ 29,145 Subtotal $ 191,061 Site Storage Covered Storage s.f. 1435 $ 47.00 $ 67,445 Vault Storage Landscape Storage Subtotal, unadjusted $ 67,445 Job Size Factor 1 $ 67,445 Location Factor 18% $ 12,140 Subtotal $ 79,585 TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 37 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT RENOVATION Operations Building Low Bay Garage n.s.f. 1090 Staff Entry(See Administration) Locker Rooms (see Administration) Total NET SQUARE FEET 1090 Efficiency Factor 20% 218 Total GROSS SQUARE FEET 1308 Square Foot Basis $ 110 Job Size Factor 1.2 $ 132 Location Factor 18% $ 156 Subtotal $ 203,734 Administration Building Women's Locker Room n.s.f. 210 Men's Locker Room n.s.f. 280 Staff Entry n.s.f. 50 Mechanical Room n.s.f. 140 Circulation n.s.f. 195 Total NET SQUARE FEET 875 Efficiency Factor 20% 175 Total GROSS SQUARE FEET 1050 Square Foot Basis $ 165 Job Size Factor 1.3 $ 215 Location Factor 18% $ 253 Subtotal $ 265,766 ADDITION Operations Building High Bay Garage n.s.f. 980 Workroom n.s.f. 440 Total NET SQUARE FEET 1420 Efficiency Factor 20% 284 Total GROSS SQUARE FEET 1704 Square Foot Basis $ 167 Job Size Factor 1.2 $ 200 Location Factor 18% $ 236 TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 38 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT Subtotal $ 402,948 Administration Building Public Entry n.s.f. 90 Public Restroom n.s.f. 50 Waiting Room n.s.f. 125 Administration Open Office n.s.f. 440 Records Storage n.s.f. 160 Printer Area /Paper Storage n.s.f. 45 Meeting Room n.s.f. 250 Kitchen/Break Room n.s.f. 105 Circulation n.s.f. 54 Total NET SQUARE FEET 1319 Efficiency Factor 20% 264 Total GROSS SQUARE FEET 1583 Square Foot Basis $ 253 Job Size Factor 1.2 $ 304 Location Factor 18% $ 358 Subtotal $ 567,035 Subtotal, direct construction costs building (rounded) $ 1,520,000 Covered Storage, Operations Building,Administration Building Ch 149 Public Construction 10% $ 152,000 ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION BID, building (rounded) $ 1,672,000 Total GROSS SQUARE FEET 7080 Cost per SF $ 236 ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION BID, demolition (rounded) $ 80,000 ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION BID,site (rounded) $ 190,000 ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST (rounded) $ 1,940,000 1 Year Temporary Facility Lease $ 60,000 Design &Construction Contingency 20% $ 388,000 1 Year Escalation to Bid Date 6% $ 116,400 RECOMMENDED CONSTRUCTION BUDGET (rounded) $ 2,500,000 Cost per SF, building &site $ 353 TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA01742 ( 781-893-5828 ( www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 39 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT Estimated A/E Fees 8.2% $ 205,000 Site/Civil Fees $ 24,000 Reimbursables: soils, hazmat testing $ 15,000 ESTIMATED PROJECT COST** (rounded) $ 2,740,000 **Costs do not include moving, FF&E or the town's own administrative costs TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 40 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT Conceptual Program Cost Estimate Option 2-New Building Unit No. Unit Unit Cost Total Demolition Existing Site ea 1 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000 Existing Building ea 1 $160,000.00 $ 160,000 Subtotal $ 190,000 Site Site Preparation ea 1 $ 6,880.00 $ 6,880 Stormwater Management ea 1 $ 66,750.00 $ 66,750 Hard Stand Area s.f. 5619 $ 5.00 $ 28,095 Parking ea 18 $ 1,690.00 $ 30,420 Utilities ea 1 $ 34,752.00 $ 34,752 Stone and Wrought Iron Entry Gate ea 1 $ 35,000.00 $ 35,000 Subtotal, unadjusted $ 201,897 Job Size Factor 1 $ 201,897 Location Factor 18% $ 36,341 Subtotal $ 238,238 Site Storage Covered Storage s.f. 1575 $ 47.00 $ 74,025 Vault Storage Landscape Storage Subtotal, unadjusted $ 74,025 Job Size Factor 1 $ 74,025 Location Factor 18% $ 13,325 Subtotal $ 87,350 Operations Building High Bay Garage n.s.f. 2160 Low Bay Garage n.s.f. 335 Staff Entry(See Administration) Workroom (See Administration) Locker Rooms (see Administration) Total NET SQUARE FEET 2495 TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA01742 1 781-893-5828 1 www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 41 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT Efficiency Factor 20% 499 Total GROSS SQUARE FEET 2994 Square Foot Basis $ 167 Job Size Factor 1 $ 167 Location Factor 18% $ 197 Subtotal $ 589,998 Administration Building Public Entry n.s.f. 100 Public Restroom n.s.f. 50 Waiting Room n.s.f. 150 Administration Open Office n.s.f. 490 Records Storage n.s.f. 170 Printer Area /Paper Storage n.s.f. 110 Meeting Room n.s.f. 255 Kitchen/Break Room n.s.f. 155 Women's Locker Room n.s.f. 255 Men's Locker Room n.s.f. 335 Staff Entry n.s.f. 90 Workroom n.s.f. 375 Mechanical Room n.s.f. 140 Circulation n.s.f. 170 Total NET SQUARE FEET 2845 Efficiency Factor 20% 569 Total GROSS SQUARE FEET 3414 Square Foot Basis $ 253 Job Size Factor 1 $ 253 Location Factor 18% $ 299 Subtotal $ 1,019,216 Subtotal, direct construction costs building (rounded) $ 1,700,000 Covered Storage, Operations Building,Administration Building Ch 149 Public Construction 10% $ 170,000 ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION BID, building (rounded) $ 1,870,000 Total GROSS SQUARE FEET 7983 Cost per SF, building $ 234 ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION BID, demolition (rounded) $ 190,000 TBA Architects, Inc. 1 43 Bradford St. ( Concord, MA01742 1 781-893-5828 ( www.tbaarchitects.com ( pg. 42 Town of Lexington Westview Cemetery Operations Administration Building—Program Study January 8, 2016 DRAFT ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION BID,site (rounded) $ 240,000 ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST (rounded) $ 2,300,000 Design &Construction Contingency 15% $ 345,000 1 Year Escalation to Bid Date 6% $ 138,000 RECOMMENDED CONSTRUCTION BUDGET (rounded) $ 2,780,000 Cost per SF, building &site $ 348 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$ - $ 658,909 FY2018 $ 658,909 $ 102,226 $ - $ - $ 761,135 1 FY2019 $ 761,135 $ 104,781 $ 210,000 $ - $ 655,916 2 FY2020 $ 655,916 $ 104,781 $ 207,000 $ - $ 553,698 3 FY2021 $ 553,698 $ 107,401 $ 204,000 $ - $ 457,099 4 FY2022 $ 457,099 $ 107,401 $ 201,000 $ - $ 363,500 5 FY2023 $ 363,500 $ 110,086 $ 198,000 $ 100,000 $ 175,586 6 FY2024 $ 175,586 $ 110,086 $ 195,000 $ - $ 90,672 7 FY2025 $ 90,672 $ 112,838 $ 192,000 $ - $ 11,510 8 FY2026 $ 11,510 $ 112,838 $ 189,000 $ 9 FY2027 $ (64,652) $ 115,659 $ 186,000 $ - 10 FY2028 $ (134,993) $ 115,659 $ 183,000 $ - 11 FY2029 $ (202,334) $ 118,551 $ 180,000 $ 12 FY2030 $ (263,783) $ 118,551 $ 177,000 $ 13 FY2031 $ (322,233) $ 121,514 $ 174,000 $ - 14 FY2032 $ (374,718) $ 121,514 $ 171,000 $ - 15 FY2033 $ (424,204) $ 124,552 $ 168,000 $ 16 FY2034 $ (467,652) $ 124,552 $ 165,000 $ - 17 FY2035 $ (508,099) $ 127,666 $ 162,000 $ - 18 FY2036 $ (542,433) $ 127,666 $ 159,000 $ - 19 FY2037 $ (573,767) $ 130,858 $ 156,000 $ - 201 FY2038 1 $ (598,910)1 $ 130,858 1 $ 153,000 1 $ - Appendix 4b-Option 2 Option 2: At Average Beginning Balance Less: Debt Sale of Cemetery Projected Projected Future Capital Service Lots Special Annual Debt Improvement- Ending Year FY Revenue Account Revenue Service Expansion Balance FY2017 $ 556,683 $ 182,225 $ - $ - $ 738,908 FY2018 $ 738,908 $ 182,225 $ - $ - $ 921,132 1 FY2019 $ 921,132 $ 186,780 $ 210,000 $ - $ 897,912 2 FY2020 $ 897,912 $ 186,780 $ 207,000 $ - $ 877,692 3 FY2021 $ 877,692 $ 191,450 $ 204,000 $ - $ 865,142 4 FY2022 $ 865,142 $ 191,450 $ 201,000 $ - $ 855,592 5 FY2023 $ 855,592 $ 196,236 $ 198,000 $ 100,000 $ 753,828 6 FY2024 $ 753,828 $ 196,236 $ 195,000 $ - $ 755,063 7 FY2025 $ 755,063 $ 201,142 $ 192,000 $ - $ 764,205 8 FY2026 $ 764,205 $ 201,142 $ 189,000 $ - $ 776,347 9 FY2027 $ 776,347 $ 206,170 $ 186,000 $ - $ 796,517 10 FY2028 $ 796,517 $ 206,170 $ 183,000 $ - $ 819,688 11 FY2029 $ 819,688 $ 211,325 $ 180,000 $ - $ 851,012 12 FY2030 $ 851,012 $ 211,325 $ 177,000 $ - $ 885,337 13 FY2031 $ 885,337 $ 216,608 $ 174,000 $ - $ 927,945 14 FY2032 $ 927,945 $ 216,608 $ 171,000 $ - $ 973,552 15 FY2033 $ 973,552 $ 222,023 $ 168,000 $ - $ 1,027,575 16 FY2034 $ 1,027,575 $ 222,023 $ 165,000 $ - $ 1,084,598 17 FY2035 $ 1,084,598 $ 227,573 $ 162,000 $ - $ 1,150,172 18 FY2036 $ 1,150,172 $ 227,573 $ 159,000 $ - $ 1,218,745 19 FY2037 $ 1,218,745 $ 233,263 $ 156,000 $ - $ 1,296,008 201 FY2038 1 $ 1,296,008 1 $ 233,263 1 $ 153,000 1 $ - $ 1,376,271 Appendix 4c-Option 3 Option 3: Increase rates by approximately 47%and maintain $100,000 in account Beginning Balance Less: Debt Sale of Cemetery Projected Projected Future Capital Service Lots Special Annual Debt Improvement- Ending Year FY Revenue Account Revenue Service Expansion Balance FY2017 $ 556,683 $ 132,905 $ - $ - $ 689,588 FY2018 $ 689,588 $ 132,905 $ - $ - $ 822,493 1 FY2019 $ 822,493 $ 136,228 $ 210,000 $ - $ 748,721 2 FY2020 $ 748,721 $ 136,228 $ 207,000 $ - $ 677,948 3 FY2021 $ 677,948 $ 139,633 $ 204,000 $ - $ 613,581 4 FY2022 $ 613,581 $ 139,633 $ 201,000 $ - $ 552,215 5 FY2023 $ 552,215 $ 143,124 $ 198,000 $ 100,000 $ 397,339 6 FY2024 $ 397,339 $ 143,124 $ 195,000 $ - $ 345,463 7 FY2025 $ 345,463 $ 146,702 $ 192,000 $ - $ 300,165 8 FY2026 $ 300,165 $ 146,702 $ 189,000 $ - $ 257,867 9 FY2027 $ 257,867 $ 150,370 $ 186,000 $ - $ 222,237 10 FY2028 $ 222,237 $ 150,370 $ 183,000 $ - $ 189,607 11 FY2029 $ 189,607 $ 154,129 $ 180,000 $ - $ 163,736 12 FY2030 $ 163,736 $ 154,129 $ 177,000 $ - $ 140,865 13 FY2031 $ 140,865 $ 157,982 $ 174,000 $ - $ 124,847 14 FY2032 $ 124,847 $ 157,982 $ 171,000 $ - $ 111,829 15 FY2033 $ 111,829 $ 161,932 $ 168,000 $ - $ 105,761 16 FY2034 $ 105,761 $ 161,932 $ 165,000 $ - $ 102,693 17 FY2035 $ 102,693 $ 165,980 $ 162,000 $ - $ 106,673 18 FY2036 $ 106,673 $ 165,980 $ 159,000 $ - $ 113,653 19 FY2037 $ 113,653 $ 170,130 $ 156,000 $ - $ 127,783 201 FY2038 1 $ 127,783 1 $ 170,130 1 $ 153,000 1 $ - $ 144,912 O UI � a o 1 U O C � c-I L d {/} O O O O O O N N f0 +J N p L p racu � O } cu cu U) O Q O U O C Ln IW Qn O O O O J O O C N N O 4 co U O 4J L O -0 (a O cu cu cu O N 4J i1) O X � O O — O N (aO Q Q Q O Q U chi L d {/} O +n N N L O N E L cu O O O 4J O C O 7 O E M Q {/} cu E Z U N O L d o UI � a o 1 v O C � c-I L d {/} O O O O m O O 4� O 1 m CU Lo } C O Q O v O C � c-I L d {/} O O O O 00 00 O � O 7 Ln O c� L � O fl co N 00 U O L - 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GJ i t a V i/? i/? 0000wLn0000000000oc-4 M M a 0 0 0 0 0o m o 4 o o o o o o Ln Ln o r, M -4 Ln w ' Ln o0 O Ln N Ln lD M Ln m Ln Ln lD O O N 0 -4 Ln O j aJ M N I M I -A cI cI cI m t 'A QJ 3 +� o� 0oCa «C aJo0 � -0 E > u °0 °poai v -r -0o = O > O E c -o aJ uooa)u a m m m m m a' AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Approve and Authorize Chairman to Sign-Letter Regarding Doppler Weather Radar Antenna at Hanscom(5 min.) PRESENTER: ITEM NUMBER: Carl F. Valente, Town Manager 1.9 SUMMARY: A vote is requested for this item. Draft response to Air Force proposal to lease land on Hanscom Air Force Base to NBCUniversal for a doppler weather radar tower. SUGGESTED MOTION: Move to approve and authorize the Chairman to sign the draft letter to the Air Force regarding the proposed doppler weather radar tower. FOLLOW-UP: Selectmen's Office DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 9:15 p.m. ATTACHMENTS: Description Type D �ttorr to shirr Force Backup Matorrinl VS MOq 1775 c x p Town of Lexington K z y w = Office of Selectmen U APRIL19" l FXINC, Suzanne E. Barry, Chairman Tel: (781) 698-4580 Peter C. J. Kelley Fax: (781) 863-9468 Norman P. Cohen Joseph N. Pato Michelle L. Ciccolo November 21, 2016 Charles Strickland III Installation Management Flight Chief 66 ABG/CEI 120 Grenier Street Hanscom AFB MA 01731-1910 Dear Mr. Strickland, The Lexington Board of Selectmen received notice on September 9, 2016 of the proposal by NBCUniversal to build a 155' Doppler weather radar tower in Lexington on Air Force- owned land at Hanscom Air Force Base abutting the National Register Historic District"Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory Historic District". The notification to the Lexington Board of Selectmen was insufficient for the Board or staff to comment within the requested 30 days. For this reason, the proponents were invited, and agreed to attend, a Lexington Development Review Team (DRT) meeting that was held October 5. The site plans, specifications, maps and photographs were then provided to the Town on October 27. Attending the DRT meeting were: Keith Barbaria, VP of Technology and Operations and Matt Noyes, Chief Meteorologist for NBCUniversal; representing CSC Management, LLC, (the general contractor) Jeffrey B. Lehrer, general counsel and Jason Taormina, Project Manager; representing Stantec Engineering, Louis Scheidt, PE, PP and Jessica Hunt, PE; and representing Hanscom Air Force Base, Charles Strickland, Environmental Office, Jessica Casserly, Public Affairs Office and Adam Freudberg, Chief Technology Office. The Board understands from Jeffrey Lehrer that the client is NBC and the land would be leased by the Air Force to NBC for NBC's private, commercial weather radar use. The Board understands from the Lexington Building Commissioner that"enhanced use leasing authority" allows this private, commercial use of Federal property. The Board also understands that the Federal Aviation Administration will likely require flashing white or red lights on the tower, and that a stand-by diesel generator will be turned on and tested monthly. The Board urges that every effort be made to screen the lights from view within the National Park and from abutting residential properties. 1625 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE•LEXINGTON,MASSACHUSETTS 02420 email selectmen@lexingtonma.gov Public Notice/Outreach Although the Air Force, NBC and Hanscom will consider publishing a legal notice of the proposed tower in the local newspaper, there is no plan to notify neighboring homeowners or the public of the proposed tower. The Town also understands that Minuteman National Historical Park would not be notified directly, although the Park is also a major abutter and the tower will be visible from the Park. The Board recommends that NBC and the Air Force notify abutters and the Minuteman National Historical Park directly. In the photo- simulations provided the existing trees that help screen the tower appear to be on land not owned or controlled by the Air Force, but by the National Park. This underscores the importance of formal notification to the National Park. Lexington Public Safety Communications Equipment The Board would appreciate the possibility of accommodating space on the proposed tower for Town of Lexington public safety and emergency response equipment in order to help address signal gaps in the Town's communication system. This would be advantageous for emergency response and public safety. Historic Preservation The project is in the"Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory Historic District", which we infer is a National Historic District. The Board understands that a letter was sent to the State Historic Preservation Officer(SHPO) notifying her of the proposal and stating that approval would be deemed granted within 30 days of the date of the letter. The SHPO's review is likely required by the Section 106 review of the National Historic Preservation Act (when federal funding, permitting or licensing is required or directed to a project with National Register of Historic Places designation, impacts on the historic property must be reviewed). It is unclear whether the photo-simulations, site plan, wetland map, and specifications that the Town requested and received were provided to the SHPO. Without descriptive material, the Board feels it would be difficult for the SHPO to make a determination. We recommend that the SHPO's comment period be extended to allow time to review the materials in consultation with the Minuteman National Historical Park. Property Tax Status of Equipment and Structure Over the years, the Air Force has engaged with the four towns that Hanscom is part of (Lexington, Lincoln, Concord, Bedford) over the prospect of the Air Force Enhanced Use Lease (EUL)program. It has been our understanding that EUL facilities that were not tied to the mission of the Air Force or Department of Defense would be subject to the local property tax, exclusive of the land value. If your understanding is otherwise, we would like to understand the legal basis for this determination. The Board of Selectmen appreciate the opportunity to comment, and we would like to know to whom we may direct further discussion regarding possibly locating Town of Lexington emergency communications equipment on the tower. Sincerely, Suzanne E. Barry, Chairman On behalf of the Lexington Board of Selectmen cc via email: N. Nelson, Minuteman National Historical Park B. Simon, State Historic Preservation Officer Peter Braun, Chair, Board of Selectmen, Town of Lincoln Jennifer Burney, Director of Planning and Land Use, Town of Lincoln Jeffrey Lehrer, DiFrancesco Bateman Adam Freudberg, Office of the Chief Technology Officer, Hanscom AF Base Carl F. Valente, Town Manager Carol Kowalski, Assistant Town Manager for Development AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Board of Selectmen Appointments and Resignations (5 min) PRESENTER: ITEM NUMBER: Suzanne Barry, Chairman I.10 SUMMARY: Greenways Corridor Committee . Appoint Malcolm Crawford as a member of the Greenways Corridor Committee with a term set to expire September 2018. Mr. Crawford will be filing the unexpired term of Paul Knight. . Accept the resignation of Paul Knight from the Greenways Corridor Committee. Noise Advisory Committee . Reappointment Nick Afshartous and Lee Minardi to the Noise Advisory Committee with terms set to expire September 2019. Center Streetscape Committee . Appoint Frederic Johnson as a member of the Center Streetscape Committee. Term will expire when report is complete. Lexington Council for the Arts . Accept the resignation of Cristina Burwell from the Lexington Council for the Arts. Historic District Commission . The Board will be filling two of the four vacancies of Associate Member of the HDC. The Board anticipates receiving an additional nomination from the Lexington Arts and Crafts Society in the near future. At that time the final two appointments of Assoc iate Member can be made. SUGGESTED MOTION: . Move to appoint Malcolm Crawford as a member of the Greenways Corridor Comittee, Nick Afshartous and Lee Minardi as members of the Noise Advisory Committee and Frederic Johnson as a member of the Center Streetscape Committee. . Move to accept the resignation of Paul Knight from the Greenways Corridor Committee and Cristina Burwell from the Lexington Council for the Arts. . Move to appoint to fill the unexpired term of Robin Lovett(12/2018) and to filled the unexpired term of Nancy Shepard(12/2019) as Associate Members of the Historic Districts Commission FOLLOW-UP: Selectmen's Office DATE AND APPROXIlVIATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 9:20 p.m. ATTACHMENTS: Description Type AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Water & Sewer Commitments PRESENTER: ITEM NUMBER: David J P ins o nneault C.1 SUMMARY: Commitment of Water& Sewer section 1 $2,923,850.77 Commitment of Water& Sewer section 2 $3,245,990.97 Commitment of Water& Sewer Cycle 9 $ 298,279.57 SUGGESTED MOTION: Motion to approve the Water& Sewer commitments as noted above. FOLLOW-UP: Treasurer/Collector DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 ATTACHMENTS: Description Type d AN IIII-211 116 ("'over Mom) Department of Public Works 9FISCAL Town, of Lexington Water and Sewer Enterprise Funds YEAR 2017 COMMIT-M---E--N--T- F-A-0 116 SECTION 2 GRAND TOTALS WATER $1,963,449.19 $1,963,449.19 SEWER $1,292,641.78 $1,292,541.78 TOTAL: $3,245,990.97 $3,246,990.97 To the Collector of Revenue for the Town of Lexington: You are hereby authorized and required to levy and collect of the persons named in the list of water/sewer charges herewith,committed to you and each one of his/her respective portion herein set down of the sum total of such list. Said sum being: Three miffilon, two, hundredfortyfive thousanc� nine handredninety doffars andvloo And pay the some into the treasury of the Town of Lexington and to exercise the powers conferred by low in regard thereto. DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS BOARD OF SELECTMEN 11/21/20IJ16 Treasurer CoIlector, Director of Public Works,Water/Sewer Billing Department of (Public Works Town of Lexington r a E Water and Sewer Enterprise Funds t FISCAL YEAR 2017 N COMMITMENT ,1 17 SECTION I GRAND TOTALS WATER $1,516,872.95 $1,616,872.96 SEWER $1,406,977.82 $1,406,977.82 TOTAL: $2,923,850.77 $2,923,860.77 To the Collector of Revenue for the Town of Lexington: You are hereby authorized and required to levy and collect of the persons named in the list of water/sewer charges herewith committed to you and each one of his/her respective portion herein set down of the sum total of such list. Said sum being: 7vo rniffl on, nine hundred twenty-three thousand eight itundredfifty d"oi"(ars and 7711 0 And pay the same into the treasury of the Town of Lexington and to exercise the powers conferred by law in regard thereto. DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS BOARD OF SELECTMEN 11/21/16 Treasurer/Collector, Director of Public Works,Water/Sewer Billing Department of Public Works PPN Town of Lexington K Water and Sewer Enterprise Funds FISCAL, YEAR 2017 October 2016 Cycle 9 Billing CYCLE 9 GRAND TOTALS October 2016 WATER $,290,499.52 $290,499.52 SEWER $2,674.00 $2,674.00 FEE FOR BEDFORD $5,106.05 $5,106.05 TOTAL. $298,279.57 $298,279.57 To the Collector of Revenue for the Town of Lexington. You are hereby authorized and required to levy and collect of the persons named in the list of water/sewer charges herewith committed' to you and each one of his/her respective portion herein set down of the sum total of such list. Said sum being: Two hundredninety-eight thousant4 two hundredseventy-nine do Cars and57loo And pay the, same into the treasury of the Town of Lexington and to exercise the powers conferred by law in regard thereto. DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS BOARD OF SELECTMEN Treasurer/Col lector, Director of Public Works, Water/Sewer Billing 11/21/20,16 AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Approve Use of the Battle Green- Lexington Minute Men PRESENTER: ITEM NUMBER: Suzanne Barry, Chairman C.2 SUMMARY: The Lexington Minute Men, in collaboration with the Lexington Historical Society and Lexington's Visitors Center, have requested permission for use of the Battle Green on Sunday, December 11, 2016 from 10:00 a.m. until 1:00 p.m. The event is a re-enactment of the Lexington tea burning protest of 1773. There will be a first musket drill(non-firing) at 10:00 a.m. At 12:15 p.m., there will be a second musket drill(and firing demonstration). The Minute Men will conclude by firing one volley for every Lexington man lost(total of 10) on April 19, 1775. SUGGESTED MOTION: Motion to approve the consent agenda. FOLLOW-UP: Selectmen's Office DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 ATTACHMENTS: Description Type D Battka Qdrraron Q$arquest fd,rr 112-II II-Ilfr Backup Matorrinl 01 4r luxilighin failude ,mitt, 1tr. MORN, (fileadirr,011C(frilI tegion of tsttlric Iflifilani 61111nlallbfi,3110 ti Viist M(fice Vim 1773 CrXinkliall,Massurlpselts 1124211 November 14th, 2016 sir Lexington Selectmen Town of Lexington, Massachusetts al 1625 Massachusetts Avenue Lexington, MA 02420 Dear Lexington Selectmen, k, On Sunday, December 11, 2016 with permissio"'from th Bo r oItmen, the Lexington Minute Men Company in collaboration with the Lexin, rical'So ty, na t e Town of Lexington Visitors Center will re- enact our annual commemoration of the,L n tea,bu rQ' tok of 1773. We extend an open invitation 41. to the public to the Lexington Tea Bur A 'co emorati i;bonfire three days before the Boston Tea Party. We encourage colonial dress n t ,q , Vf I 14dKioe- rtici Howoft e public in the reading', kh16'resolution passed by Town Meeting on December 1 11 41I� In the words written by Reverend Jonas Clark the es ......we do with the greatest seriousness & Sincerity, come into the following Resolve ... If any Head of Family in own, rson sha e or Consume any Tea, such person shall be looked upon as an Enemy to this Tow is Country We further declare "...with Gratitude to our Brethren in ... We shall y to Sacrifice our Estates, and every thing dear in Life, Yea & Live itself, in suppor f t1 common Ca Our itinerary for the day(attached) includes I century sold r campment, musket drills with one firing demonstration on the Green, 18 1 h century co in 'clemonstratio and music culminating with members of the audience invited to join the Lexington MinuteNlei �Company inzz! burning. of thelea. The Lexington Minute Men Company, the olde t MiNtia Company in continuous/,/existe�ce since the Revolutionary War, is dedicated to increasing knowledge and understandi,10*1of our COU"I birth through school visits, historical re-enactments, and speaking engagements. On behalf of Steve Conners, Captain Commanding, the Lexington Minute Men Company,the Lexington Historical Society, and the Town of Lexington Visitors Center, we appreciate your support and look forward to receiving the Board of Selectmen's permission for this event. Sincerely, Robert Roell, Corporal, Lexington Minute Men "Stand yourground—Don't fire unless firedupon; But if they mean to have a war Let it begin here. ,qprif 19, 1775— Captain Parker Lexington Minute Men "Tea Burning"Itinerary December 11, 2016 Mission: We the Lexington Minute Men, in partnership with the Lexington Historical Society &the Lexington Visitor's Center, seek to celebrate our Town's revolutionary history through a day long living history exhibition featuring the Lexington Trai in and and a re-enactment of the tea burning bonfire which occurred on December 13'', 1773. On i is Center grounds, near the site of the tea burning, we propose to set up a partial enca ere our unit will muster, cook/eat period appropriate food conduct musket drills con � ng demonstration, march with fife and drum around grounds and the Battle Green, mingle 1d educate the public, and participate in a robust r„ "tea burning". v .mom mud, Final 7:00am: Members of the Lexington Tra,icing Ba Itinerary- of 's t `Wamp. 9:00am: Period breakfast served for th B at, rles t t. ,tart cooking fire for lunch. 10:00am: First Musket Drill, no In ttspectioi, ru irough the Manual of Arms. March to the Battle Green & muster near t c 11:00am: Demonstration of 18t mu coo n s Sgt. Michael Duncan S 11:30pm: 12:00pm: Parade march sthe grounds and gre m it 1 a fife andN^r r a drum. Muster on the Battle Green near the rock. 12:15pm: Second Musket Drill and firiY " Mtn on the Battle Green. Inspection and run through the Manual of Arms Conch, jey for every Lexington man lost(ten total) on lltrr a 'ooil April 19th, 1775. 1r4" ,.''� �� �* 1:00 m: March back to cam with fife Pre pa ���� �; a burning re-enactment. p P P 1:30pm: Participate in the tea burning inction wi "� ``exington Historical Society. 2:00pm: Immediately following the tea 1� g re-enact k� 'teract with the public about the event, answer questions, and recruit. 3:30pm: Break down camp. I i i y a nF Xs sR "Stand yourground—Don't fire unless fired upon; But if tFiey mean to Fiave a war Let it begin Fiere." Aprill9, 1775— Captain Parker AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Approve One-Day Liquor Licenses - Spectacle Management PRESENTER: ITEM NUMBER: Suzanne Barry, Chairman C.3 SUMMARY: Spectacle Management has requested one-day liquor licenses to sellbeer and wine in the lobby of the Cary Memorial Building on Saturday, December 3, 2016 from 8:00 p.m. until 11:30 p.m. (Reduced Shakespeare) and on Saturday, December 10, 2016 from 7:30 p.m. until 11:00 p.m. (Eileen Ivers). SUGGESTED MOTION: Motion to approve the consent agenda. FOLLOW-UP: Selectmen's Office DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 ATTACHMENTS: Description Type D S%, ctsacka M am agTMaru xmit One Day Backup M<atorrinl i 4 Y° TOWN OF LEXINCTON SELECTMEN'S OFFICE t N APPLICATION FOR ONE-DAY LIQUOR LICENSE The board of Selectmen issues one-day liquor licenses to for-profit and non-profit organizations that serve liquor and charge either a cover charge car for each drink. Please till in this form cornpleteiv and return to the `selectmen's Cat`#icy alom-, Nvith a check for $25.00 made payable to the 'Fown of L,exin�,ton. Spectacle Management BUS INESS/FUNDRA!SING ORGANIZATION: Peter Lally, CONTACT NA�IE AND NUMBER: 4 Muzzey St, Lexington MA 02420 ADDRESS FOR MAILING: EMAIL ADDRESS: TITLE,"PURPOSE OF EVENT: 2 Events: Deduced Shakespeare and Eileen leers Cary Memorial Nall, 1605 Massachusetts Avenue LOCATION AND ADDRESS: DATE OF FUNCTION: Deduced Shakespeare, 12/3 and Eileen leers, 12/10 TIMES OF FUNCTION: Reduced Shakespeare, 8:00 PM and Eileen leers, 7:30 PM Beer and Wine TYPE OF LIQUOR TO BE SERVED: Deduced Shakespeare 4:30 PM; DATE AND TIME WHEN LIQUOR DELIVERED: Eileen hers, 4:00 PM Deduced Shakespeare, 11:30 PM DA,rEl AND TIME WHEN LIQ JOR REMOVED- Eileen hers 1 •0 EM ADDITIONAL, INFORMATION, tttLorie nature Federal Identification No. or Social Security Number AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Exemption 6: Acquisition of Conservation Restriction or Easement - Montessori School Property (10 min) PRESENTER: ITEM NUMBER: Carl F. Valente, Town Manager ES.2 SUMMARY: Suggested motion for Executive Session: Move that the Board go into Executive Session to consider the purchase, exchange, lease or value of real property, Montessori Land purchased from Belmont Country Club, and to reconvene in Open Session only to adjourn. Further, that as Chairman, I declare that an open meeting may have a detrimental effect on the negotiating position of the Town. Continue discussion regarding Belmont Country Club parcel purchased by Montessori School and Town's interest in purchasing an easement or restriction on this property. SUGGESTED MOTION: FOLLOW-UP: DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 9:30 p.m. AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Exemption 3: Pending Litigation 430 Concord Avenue (10 min) PRESENTER: ITEM NUMBER: Carl F. Valente, Town Manager ES.3 SUMMARY: Suggested motion for Executive Session: Move to go into Executive Session to discuss strategy with respect to potential litigation related to the property at 430 Concord Avenue and to reconvene in Open Session only to adjourn. Further, the Chairman declares that an open meeting discussion may have a detrimental effect on the litigating position of the Town. Update on Town's actions regarding zoning violations at 430 Concord Avenue. SUGGESTED MOTION: None required. FOLLOW-UP: TMO, Zoning Enforcement and Town Counsel. DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 9:40 p.m. AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY LEXINGTON BOARD OF SELECTMEN MEETING AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Exemption 6: Purchase of Real Estate, 20 Pelham Road (10 min) PRESENTER: ITEM NUMBER: Carl F. Valente, Town Manager ESA SUMMARY: Suggested motion for Executive Session: Move that the Board go into Executive Session to consider the purchase, exchange, lease or value of real property, 20 Pelham Road, and to reconvene in Open Session only to adjourn. Further, that as Chairman, I declare that an open meeting may have a detrimental effect on the negotiating position of the Town. Update on 20 Pelham Road negotiations. SUGGESTED MOTION: No vote anticipated. FOLLOW-UP: Town Manager and Town Counsel. DATE AND APPROXIMATE TIME ON AGENDA: 11/21/2016 9:50 p.m.