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PINE MEADOWS GOLF CLUB
Lexington, MA
Visit Date: September 18, 2015
Present: Mr. John Allen, Jr., Vice President of Operations
New England Golf Corporation
Mr. William Harrison, President of New England Golf Corporation
Mr. Chris Filadoro, Superintendent of Public Grounds
Mr. James E. Skorulski, USGA
United States Golf Association
James E Skorulski,Agronomist Green Section Northeast Region
1500 North Main Street Palmer, MA 01069 413-283-2237 Fax:413-283-7741 Email:jskorulski(ausaa.o_rg
USGA Green Section Mission: The USGA Green Section develops and disseminates sustainable management
practices that produce better playing conditions for better golf.
It was my pleasure to make a half day Course Consulting Service visit to Pine Meadows
Golf Club on September 18, 2015.
The golf course performed well this season with no major agronomic concerns beyond
the crabgrass that has become established in the tee boxes. I found turf quality to be
generally good during the visit. Heavily shaded tees were in weaker condition. The
greens were just aerated prior to the visit, which has impacted the surfaces to some
degree. We used our time together to review the events of the summer season and
discussed general maintenance practices. We also discussed much needed tree
removal work to further improve growing environments on greens and tee boxes. Tee
renovation and rebuilding No. 4 green were also topics of discussion. The observations,
discussions and recommendations made during our tour of the golf course are
presented in the following report.
GREENS
General Maintenance
The greens were in good condition. There was some thinning observed resulting from
regular irrigation practices in the extremely hot and humid weather conditions that
occurred through the last weeks of August and early September. The greens were
aerated in the days prior to this visit to help alleviate surface compaction and for
overseeding purposes. The aeration was done successfully but has led to some
additional stress on the surface that the turf should be able to recover from once we
return to more seasonal growing conditions. The condition of the soil profile was good.
The upper root zone has been modified effectively with sand and organic matter does
not appear to be excessive. It was good to hear that the greens were topdressed
several times during the summer season. We discussed the importance of topdressing
the greens at least on a three-week schedule through the entire season and then (when
weather conditions permit) as a means to balance the accumulation of organic matter
and to keep the profile layer free. A topdressing schedule of three weeks should be a
maintenance objective for the greens next season.
I do recommend using the Verti-Drain machine for deep aeration on the soil-based
greens. That practice would be done in late fall. Complete the practice annually to
fracture the native soils that lie below the sand amended profile. The core aeration will
be completed next spring using solid tines. This program was successful and should
work well in the spring season.
The perimeter of No. 7 green was thin at the time of this visit. The thinned area is where
the green was expanded. This is common when green expansion/restoration is done.
The weak area is also an area where surface water collects and is the primary entry and
exit point to the green. I recommend returning this area to apron height as I believe it
will likely remain weak due to the high traffic and slower drainage in this area. Bring the
collar in along the back of the green (off of the mound). This will not have any significant
effect on cupping area and the area should be easier to maintain at the higher mowing
height.
Trees
It is important to continue to remove trees that are shading the greens. The shade
patterns were very evident on the morning of this visit. Greens No. 3, No. 4, No. 5 and
No. 9 remain in dense shade in the morning and that worsens in the late summer and
fall season. Shade across No. 3 green is being caused by trees growing behind the
green. Selectively removing some of the deciduous trees behind the green would allow
the morning sun to reach the green complex at a much earlier hour. This would be
beneficial to help dry the surfaces more quickly and provide the additional light required
for photosynthesis. The 4th green was also in heavy shade. Trees growing along the left
side of the green and fairway are causing the shade patterns over the green. Trees
growing behind the green also shade the turf through most of the winter season.
Extensive tree work would be required along the left side of the green and fairway as
well as the back of the green to make that growing environment more suitable for
maintaining putting green turf. We also discussed relocating the green further away
from the tree line to an area where the turf will receive much more sun exposure
throughout the year. This might be a more practical option considering the need to
rebuild the green.
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Shade patterns were observed in the mid-morning hours across the 5th green. Additional white pine trees
located along the south and southeast sides of the green should be removed to gain earlier sun exposure
for the turf there.
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Remove two additional white pine trees growing on the back right side of No. 9 green to increase sun
exposure for the turf The picture illustrates the dense shade created by the pine trees and other trees
that are growing along the back and back right sides of the green.
No. 4 Green
It was good to hear that plans are moving forward to rebuild No. 4 green. The design of
the current green is poor. Surface drainage over the green leaves the turf vulnerable to
cold temperature injury. The primary cupping areas are also located in the greens
lowest contours where drainage is poor. The green is located in a difficult growing
environment where the turf receives minimal sun and air circulation. The green should
be moved from its current location (to current approach/fairway area) where there is
more sun exposure (if the trees cannot be removed). This would shorten the hole to
approximately 170-190 yards. The new green should be built to provide positive surface
drainage in multiple directions off the green. The green should be built with a good
quality root zone material and using the USGA method of putting green construction.
I strongly recommend working with an experienced golf course architect who can
properly locate and design the green that will be playable from the current tee complex.
Rebuilding and relocating the green offers a good opportunity to improve the golf hole
and help with pace of play issues, while placing the green in a better growing
environment.
TEES
General Maintenance
Crabgrass has become more widely established on a number of the tee boxes. There
was also some goosegrass present, which can be a difficult weed to manage. Both of
11 1 Al
the annual grasses will have to be controlled using a preemergent herbicide. A split half
rate application of Dimension should provide decent control of both crabgrass and
goosegrass next season. The first half rate application would be applied in mid-late April
or early May when soil temperatures (1 inch deep) reach 60°. The second half rate
application would be made four weeks later. Acclaim Extra can be used to control young
crabgrass and goosegrass plants. However, control with the Acclaim Extra will be much
less effective against more mature goosegrass and crabgrass plants. Drive can be
applied to control the crabgrass that may become established in the tees and other
areas. However, Drive will have no effect on goosegrass. Any goosegrass that does
become established should be handpicked before the plants become too large.
Maintaining an aggressive divot repair program will also help minimize crabgrass and
goosegrass infestations. The divot repair work should be done on a daily basis on Par 3
tees if possible. Otherwise, complete the divot repair work two-three days per week
utilizing a seed/soil mix containing perennial ryegrass.
It is important to move the teeing markers frequently and widely over the tees to
disperse traffic. This will allow more time for the divots and worn areas to recover before
being exposed to additional traffic. An example of this was the 5th hole where traffic
should be evenly distributed between the upper and middle tee boxes. There are certain
tees that cannot be fully utilized due to interference with trees. This is the case with the
left half of No. 5 tee. We discussed removing several additional trees growing on the left
side of the fairway in hopes to make more of the tee usable for play. Similar interference
from trees along the right side of the 6t' tee and hole impacts use of that tee box.
Trees
Trees continue to impact turf quality on the tees as well as the use of the tee boxes.
Dense shade continues to impact the 6t', 7th and 8th tee boxes. The 6t' tee is growing in
heavy shade. We discussed thinning white pine trees growing along the right side of the
,,, tee to increase sun for the turf on the
t d , 1 � tee box. An oak tree growing on the
back right side of the tee is also
� � shading the back section of the tee.
�' ' That tree should also be removed.
1)7ON r 14 OW 1w f1 � Completing tree work to improve the
l „ �� growing environment on the putting
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side of the hole to improve growing
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conditions for the turf there but also to reduce interference with play on the right half of
the tee box.
We spent time examining the 7th tee and how that growing environment might be
improved while providing protection to the golfers. One option that can be considered is
to extend the fence that is located behind the back of the tee further to the right. The
fence could be installed on a diagonal pattern as it extends past the back of the tee. The
height of the metal fence can also be increased to provide protection from lower shots.
It should be possible to plant some columnar white pine trees and moderate sized
deciduous trees to replace the taller white pine trees that now are shading the tee. The
new plantings and fence will provide protection from lower shots. We can examine this
area further at a future visit to discuss specific trees that can be removed or adding the
fence and additional tree plantings.
The 8th tee is also growing in heavy shade. The tree work that was completed along the
left side of the tee has been somewhat helpful. However, more extensive work along the
left side of the back tee as well as the left side of the middle and front tees should be
completed to allow the sun to reach the turf at an earlier time in the morning. Cutting
back the tree line will also make the left half of the back tee more usable for play. This
tree work should be considered a priority and should be completed prior to renovating
this tee complex.
Renovation
We discussed the renovation options for the 8th tee complex. One of the best options to
improve the tee would be to expand the back tee forward. The tee would be kept at its
current elevation. Fill to complete the project may be available from the berm that is in
place near the forward tee box. The berm should be removed whether it is a source of
fill or not. The back tee can be expanded slightly to the left as well once the tree work
has been completed. It should be possible to at least double the size of the existing
back tee. The subbase for the new tee would be built with the fill soils that would be
stabilized through the fall and winter seasons. The subbase soils would then be covered
with 6 inches of a good quality construction soil mix and established with shortcut
Kentucky bluegrass sod.
The surfaces of the 2nd and 5th tee boxes are unlevel. The crowned condition of the
surface is probably a result of the heavy use of the tees and divot repair program in
place. A program to level and then resurface the tees would provide more usable teeing
area as well as improve the playing quality of both tees. The renovation project should
be completed by an outside contractor that has laser grading equipment available. The
surfaces would then be reestablished using a commercial shortcut Kentucky bluegrass
sod.
,,,11,h,
FAIRWAYS
Thatch Management
Excessive thatch is impacting portions of No. 1 fairway and the right side of the 4th hole.
The dense thatch mat has become water repellent in both areas leading to drought
stress. Most of the turf roots in those weakened areas are growing within the thatch
layer and thus the plants are more susceptible to drought stress. A slow soaking rain is
required to rewet the thatch. Another option would be to treat the areas with a wetting
agent and then try to irrigate to rewet the thatch layer.
All of the fairways would benefit from hollow tine core aeration. Complete that practice
as soon as possible to help reestablish good water penetration through the thatch layer
into the underlying soils. The core aeration will also help to rewet the thatch that is now
water repellent. The core aeration is being done annually. Fairways with higher levels of
thatch should be cultivated at least with solid tines in the spring season. Using hollow
tines for both operations is more effective however, to remove the thatch and the
surface soils will serve as topdressing in those areas.
Trees
There are a number of trees that should be removed from fairway areas. The removals
are recommended to eliminate poor quality trees that are in advanced stages of decline.
This includes the mature willow trees that remain along the 2nd and 4t' holes, the
hemlock tree and the arborvitae trees that separate the 1st and 2nd holes.
Extensive tree work should be completed along the right side of the 6th hole. This was
discussed earlier as a means to make more of the tee box usable for play. Removing
several rows of pine trees along the right side of the hole will also increase sun
exposure to a high traffic area that cannot currently be maintained. Removing the trees
would make it possible to renovate the surface of this area to reestablish turf cover.
Additional tree work was also discussed for the left side of the 5th fairway. These
removals can be done once the new location for the green has been determined. We've
also discussed the benefits of thinning the tree stand growing along the right side of the
3rd fairway to improve growing conditions for the turf in the right rough area but also to
create better growing conditions for the trees that will remain there. Several of the
newer trees should be removed to provide better growing conditions for the turf and also
the trees that will remain.
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
Sand Bunkers
The greenside bunker on the 5t' hole is not designed well. The bunker is prone to wash
out and is poorly drained. The sand bunker could be renovated to make it more playable
for the golfers and to correct the problems with washouts and drainage. Another option
that I feel is more practical is to eliminate the bunker. This would involve removing the
sand and reworking the complex to provide a maintainable grass swale. This would
reduce maintenance on the golf course and might even make the hole more playable for
a wider range of golfers. You can discuss the options for the current bunker with a golf
course architect.
CONCLUSION
It appears to have been a successful season in regards to course conditioning and
favorable weather conditions for play. There are several weak links on the golf course
including No. 4 green and tee boxes Nos. 6, 7 and 8. Rebuilding No. 4 green is in my
opinion the best long-term option to improve its performance. The green should be
designed by a golf course architect and built to USGA recommendations for putting
green construction. More aggressive tree work will also be beneficial for the poor
performing tee boxes and for several additional green complexes. Finally, renovating
No. 8 tee to level and increase its size will have a positive impact on its condition going
forward.
Do not hesitate to contact the office or any questions regarding the recommendations or
information provided in this report. The Green Section appreciates your support of the
Course Consultation Service and I always look forward to working with the Town of
Lexington and New England Golf Corporation to help produce the best playing
conditions possible.
Sincerely,
70/001.-
James E. Skorulski, Agronomist
Green Section, Northeast Region
cc: Mr. John Allen, Jr., Vice President of Operations
New England Golf Corporation
Mr. William Harrison, President of New England Golf Corporation
Ms. Karen Simmons, Director of Recreation, Town of Lexington
Mr. Chris Filadoro, Superintendent of Public Grounds
JES:jen
Reprints:
Building Greens the Right Way- It's Easier Than You Think!
tt :// . i . /l 980s/1986/8607110f
"Been Doing It That Way For Years ... Never Had a Problem
http://turf.lib.msu.edutl /1 /
Quality Control Guidelines — A Quality Control Checklist for Successful Greens
Construction
http://dsrpdf.lib.msu.eduttichdf.pv?file=/1990s/1993/930701.pdf
MICHIGAN STAT
UNIVERSITY
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The USGA Green Section Record, and predecessors, is a
publication of the United States Golf Association.
This item is from a digital archive of the publication, with
coverage from 1921 to the present, maintained at the Michigan
State University Libraries; see: http://gsr.lib.msu.edu.
Conditions of use relating to this item are here:
http://gsr.lib.msu.edu/gsr conditions.htm.
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Spreading the 2"sant!laver war o,arter and faster than expected
Building Greens the Right Way
It's Easier Than You Think!
_,...„..........,„„_,_
_ n
by HAROLD G. NEAL
Superintendent, Tulsa Country Club, Oklahoma
THE FIRST inclination that 1 summer, It was finallydecided by the was drawn tip that included requre-
might be involved with the recon- green committee in the early 1980s that ments to build the new greens in strict
struction of greens came in my this time we would build them by the accordance to the USGA's Specifica
,
interview with the Selection Committee book tions and specifically called for inclusion
at Tulsa Country Club way back in 1981. Although our new greens opened for of the two-inch coarse sand layer, off-
Four and one-half years after answering play in March of 1986, the first steps site mixing. laboratory testing of the
"yes,- we began the reconstruction took place nearly two year,earlier.Jim mix by Agri-Systems of Texas, and
process, Young and Dase Thompson, co-chair- fumigation ofthe mix prior to planting
I'm sure that many clubs face the ex- men of the green committee, began Construction would begin August 19.
pensive and difficult task of rebuilding selecting an architect 1 he architect 1985
their greens I am also sure that they too chosen would have the delicate task of As so often happens, once construe
-
will hear experts claim the process can preserving the beaut.,vi and insight of tion began we realized Vv e had an oppor-
be made simpler and less expensive by Albert W Tillinghast, the original de- ttinity to correct other problems at the
modifying the USGA's specifications for signer. finally after many calls and in- same time We decided to include the
putting green construction. What fol- terviews, Jai, Morrish and Associates tees of the third, fifth, sixth, and 16th
lows is a chronology of how we at-Tulsa was selected. Our original plan called holes in the reconstruction process On
Country Club accomplished this major for rebuilding all the greens After pre- August 27, Jim Moore. Director of the
improvement to our course senting the plan to the membership, it Mid-Continent Region of the USGA
On October 13, 1953, Dr Marvin was decided to rebuild only the four Green Section, arrived for his annual
Ferguson.who was then Director of the more troublesome greens the second, Turf Advisory Service visit On Jim's
Southwestern Region of the USGA lifth. 15th. and loth recommendation and after approval by
,
Green Section, visited rulsa Country Now that an architect had been se- the green committee, we decided to re
Club and pointed out that the original lected and the decision reached as to build the 17th green as well. \kle also dis-
greens were built on a heavy,dense soil w Filch greens would be rebuilt,the next cussed in great detail the necessity for
As the years passed,various techniques step was to select a contractor Once using the proper mix and frequent test-
and construction methods were tried in again, after more calls and more re- irig to insure conformity to the Specili
an attempt to help our bentgrass greens search, we decided on Dewar's corn- cations throughout the construction
survive the searing heat of an Oklahoma pan . of Plano,lexas A legal contract process
.11 I"I'/AI Ct.S I 1986 II
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,,,,,,
inch coarse sand lThe final topmix
was to contain 85 percent sand and 15 10,r,l'illoollioll'oli,,„„o„,....,..,,i,„„'„ ,',It, ' ,,,o ?i,,'0' "op,,„, ,,,,, ,,,,,,,, , „
percent peat. All thi prepared
again submitted to Agri-Systems to
In the meantime, the construction of
the greens base and installation of the
drain tile began.To insure proper func-
gral to the USGA method,the stibgrade
drains were installed and the four-inch
gravel blanket spread.
As in many green construction pooj^
ects,the next step was perhaps the most
controversial. Both our architect and ��
the construction company suggested we
could eliminate the two-inch coarse =,
sand layer to reduce costs The rationale
was that the layer was too difficult to
spread and would involve too much "'"oiroof'1111l1,!91,11,11fOlOrlill 0 1p',?(\,\1',„,\ ''1,i I „'lo ipl,,I
�.�
hand labor. Personally. I did not want
uny\hin�|coy�huucomp|c�ccnmp|ioncc l'un�[���,������� ��� '��
oo
tothe gpcdUoeuions After all, I would
� — —
bc held responsible for the greens long
after everyone else had gone My green
committee chairman called Jim Moore
that evening, and the decision was contaminated the mix. The argument L lnvole professionals every step of
reached to include the coarse sand layer was made that contamination was un- the way The architect, the contractor,
Beginning the next day,my crew and the likely,since the sand came straight from the testing laboratory, and the USGA'
construction crew spread the layer. Less the plant. Once again I felt that after all all should be part of the construction
than two days later and for only$1,100, this effort, now was not the time to cut team,
the controversy ended! corners. Fortunately,Bob Randquist,of 2. Throughout the project,
con/ozun�
As the topmix was moved onto the Southern Hills,a good friend and fellow cmc as much as possible with your
greens, the crew installed the new superintendent,had recently completed mcmbcrehip. Giving up part of their
perimeter irrigationsystem system With the a fumigation and replanting job of his course for six months is much more
aid of Roger Van Leeuwen, our local own, Borrowing both hisequipment t bearable if they feel theend result will be
irrigation distributor.o/wo-heodcdsys' and his experience,we accomplisthe worth the Inconvenience.
tern was installed. In OQuhnmu, bent- job in three days for 81`500! Another 3. Allow adequate time for the new
grass greens require much closer water cootpuvcn) put to rest greens to mature before returning them
management than the surrounding to play.
hcrmudagnusuprons By installing two ��vlN�\L[� the gnzna=coseeded on 4. Take p(ctonmofevery phase of the
heads back-to-back and on separate FINALLY.
12, 1985' Six months project no matter how minor it may
control ers, we are able to water appro- later and in time for our first spring seem at the time Pictorial records will
pnatelv for each turf species tournament, they were opened to play. someday prove invaluable to you or the
After all the mix had been installed we Obviously a project such as this is a next fellow.
again were faced *ith a controversial major step for any club,and itrequiresa 5. Finally, don't let anyone talk you
decision. The USGA grong|y recom- great deal of effort from all those in- into cutting corners Remember, it is
mends fumigation to eliminate weed, solved,To insure success at your club, I your responsibility to protect the best
insect, or disease pests that may have would offer the following suggestions: interests of your membership
12 'SCA omeE N SECTION mscORD
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