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Visit Date May 21 2014
Present: Mr John Allen, Jr Vice President of Oper.tions
New England Golf Corporation
Ms Karen Simmons, Director of Recreation
Town of Lexington
Mr Chris Flladoro, Superintendent of Public Grounds
Mr Wllllam Harrison, President of New England Golf Corporation
Mr Kyle Walsh, Assistant Superintendent
Mr James E Skorulski, USGA
United l'itates Golf As.,ioeiation
ttim ,.', 6 51,,orulr,ki, Senior (Agrr)ri()rrlist I I rec,,,n Ser,tiorl I Northeac.,t RF,gion
1500 North Main Street I Palmer, MA 01069 I 413 283.2237 I Fax 413,283.7741 I Email li ,i,(,ipit;,, v,;( ,11.,,„liki 1 ,11,1„1
.,,— ........__ ............
USGA Green Section Mission The USGA Green Section are leaders in developing and disseminating
agronomically environmentally and economically sustainable management practices. We help golf facilities
maintain better playing conditions for better golf through science-based and practical solutions
It was my pleaaure to make a half day taoutse Consulting Service visit to Pine Meadows
Golf Course on Wednesday, May 71, C. 1 1- The following report is offered as a
summary of the major points discussed during the visit
The 41h and 8th greens did not fare well during the winter season Both greens
experienced substantial damage in lower lying pockets on the greens The damage ie a
result of cold temperature injury that impacted many golf courses in the region The
cover systems that have been used to protect the greens from cold temperature and
crown hydration injury were not effective in preventing the damage ;Jeveral tees were
also damaged from cold temperature injury The damage that occurred was the primary
topic ot discussion during our visit. Recommendations for the ongoing recovery efforts
were provided We also discussed core aeration practices for the spring season, insect
management, tee renovation, drainage needs, and a number of other topics that will be
addressed in the following report
GREENS
Winter Iniury
Annual bluegrass, and perhaps even some creeping bentgrass, was damaged on the
4th and 81h greens The damage was most severe in lower pockets on greens where
water tends to accumulate An impermeable cover was used to protect both greens with
the objective of keeping the turf from hydrating in the winter season A thick layer of ice
formed above the cover in January and remained in place through the remaining winter
season There are three possibilities ae to why the damage occurred The fiat is that
water somehow accumulated beneath the cover where it hydrated the plants and then
froze This could have occurred from condensation forming beneath the cover or
somehow water seeped into the soils beneath the green from surrounding areas The
second explanation is that turf beneath the covers was damaged directly from cold
temperature injury during one of the flash freeze events that occurred This is unlikely
because the extent of damage from that would have been more widespread to other
greens that were not covered The final explanation might be that the ice layer above
the impermeable covers created an anoxic condition (low oxygen) that indirectly
impacted the turf's tolerance to cold temperature This would have left the turf more
vulnerable to colder temperatures and hydration once the snow and ice began to melt in
March March was a very cold month with many nighttime temperatures falling well
below freezing into single digits This might be the most viable explanation for the injury
Other golf courses who use impermeable covers in the region have experienced similar
injury but more isolated in nature A number of golf courses who use impermeable
covers also came through the winter in good condition The use of impermeable covers
or any winter protection techniques do not guarantee success We are still so much at
the mercy of the weather conditions, especially when the playing surfaces are
dominated by annual bluegrass
The 4th green was showing better signs of recovery because the green has been closed
through the season The recovery on the 8th green has not progressed as well and this
a iii aaai d'did d' rdd d
can be attributed to the fact that the gieen has been kept open to pl,,iy Additional
seeding work is required in damaged areas on both greeric;
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The approach in front of No 4 green should be regressed with sod taken from a
perimeter of a fairway area Trying to recover this high-traffic area from seed will not
prove successful
.
-, Overseed both greens again with I urfco Tri-Wave 40 seeder The practice can
be done by a contractor in two and even three directions The slice seeding will
be more effective on the greens if they can be dosed to play while the seed
gerrylinates and through its early establishment.
it- Equip the Toro ProCore machine with a Jobsaver attachment or solid 1/4-inch
quadra-tines to penetrate to 1/2-inch depth or use the l'lec machine if it is still
available 1.roadcast creeping bentgrass seed and topdress the areas lightly
This practice would be done prior to the slice seeding work recommended earlier
The Bled machine is effective as it is less disruptive to the existing plants in place
and NA/rill also be helpful in breaking up any algal layers that form on the surface
Utilize the Blec seeder or use a Miltona plate seeder manually to overseed areas
that remain thin until full turf cover has been obtained
A temporary green should be used on the 8th hole I realize this is not a popular
recommendation that might influence the quantity of play on the golf course
Providing a temporary surface for even a week/10 days while new seed has a
chance to germinate will improve the recovery process Otherwise, I am worried
that the surface will not fully receiver by fall, which would jeopardize turf into the
upcoming winter season The green really should be closed for any chance of.1'1.111
recovery by early-mid summer
11"P ri, a a a VII t II 11 r r
Algae will begin to form now that the areas are thin P Pse the Blec rn.chine as
discussed earlier or a traditional spiker to break through the algae cru,t
Ammonium sulfate can be applied at 10- 15 lbs per 1,000 sq ft weekly aFa
fertilizer and to help suppress the algae Manc,ozeb and Uacoriil zinc fungicides
are also effective treatments against algae should it become evident in the
damaged areas
It is critical to keep recently seeded areas moist. Ideally, these areas would be
hand watered 3 or 4 times daily or as needed to prevent the surface (1/4" 3/8")
soils from drying out while the seed germinates during early establishment.
,o Spot-fertilize the darnaged area with an ammonium sulfate based fertilizer as
mentioned earlier Applying 1 15 lbs N per 1,000 sq ft weekly should be
sufficient to promote vigor and recovery A natural organic fertilizer can also be
applied but that might lead to more algae
P., Both greens should continue to be cut with a walk-behind greens mower
equipped with smooth roller A mowing height of 160 should be maintained
until more substantial turf cover is obtained
Topdress the damaged areas with each spike seeding that is done Otherwise,
plan on topdressing these areas every 2-3 weeks or on the same schedule the
greens are topdressed
Soil Management
Core cultivate all of the greens except No 4 and No 8 greens with 3/8", 1/2" or even
1/4" hollow tines t this point in the season The core cultivation will remove some
organic matter and should stimulate more vigorous rooting going into the summer
season The surfaces would be topdressed to try to fill coring holes Utilize the small
diameter needle tines to cultivate all of the greens throughout the summer season This
continues to be a good method to maintain gas exchange in the rootzone The sand
topdressing practices remain important and should be callpleted on a 2-3 week interval
through the season The sand topdressing not only helps to modify the soil and manage
organic matter but also provides smooth putting conditions
Growing Environment
We have discussed shade issues on a number of greens in the past. A number of
greens are still being impacted by too much shade That includes the 4th green, which is
shaded through most of the winter season by the woodland area behind the green It
would be extremely helpful to harvest the trees growing on the hillside behind the green
up to the 5th hole in order to allow some sun to reach the green in the fall, winter and
early spring seasons
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„fififi,"it „iiofittifififitt,114 t „ The rpth green also remains) shaititsd through
,
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much of the fall and winter seasons Thel
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, ,hhhh4111.;Thlt 11,,11,.11,g,;01 Oh:hyorf4,4151h le',44" 111 The 8111 green is impacted somewhat by a
•"iii,"„fifi „esti, "0", white pine trees growing on the left back
1,„„ •4,"'„
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1$ 1 al 110 fall and winter season Finally, a white pine
tofiii
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green shades the turf there That white pine
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tree should also be selectively removed
Annual Bluegrass Weevil
We observed a number of annual bluegrass weevil adults on the greens on the day of
this visit A single application of Dursban was applied A second application of either
Dursban or a pyrethroid should be made against the adults immediately to control the
adults before they can lay eggs An insecticide to control the larva in the greens and
collars will probably need to be applied Application"i" of Acelepryn or Conserve can be
made in the week following this visit (coincide with rhododendron bloom) to hopefully
control any larva that might be currently feeding on annual bluegrass in the greens
Dylox can be used as well in areas where damage becomes evident
TEES
A number of teeing surfaces were severely damaged in winter Some of the tees were
already weak going into the winter season The perennial ryegrass on the tees is also
more easily damaged due to its lower tolerance to cold temperature The 6th, 7th, 8th and
9th tees are also heavily shaded, which leaves them weaker throughout the season and
more vulnerable to cold temperature injury in winter The following recommendations
were provided during the visit
0 Tees that are severely damaged will be slower to recover, especially if they are
subjected to play The more shaded 6th and 7th tees will be even more difficult to
reestablish from seed I agree with the idea to regress those tees if there is
money available to do so A short cut Kentucky bluegrass sod offers the best
chance to establish and persist. The tees would have to be taken out of play for
at least two weeks following the sod installation That is the minimal amount of
time that would be required for the sod to knit or to take hold and even that may
be too short of a period dui- tri them dense hade on those holes Expect the new
sod to thin once the tees are opened The sod should be i.,ultivated and
overseeded with perennial ryegrass once the sod is knitted and stable
ClOSE the primary tee biufes on the 4th hole and overseed them The play can be
moved up to the front tee box or a temporary tee created while the seed has time
to germinate and establifh tJse perennial ryegrass slice seed and broadcast
the ryegrass in conjunction with a shallow core aeration
Similar aeration and overseeding work should be completed on the 8`h and 9th tee
boxes In both cases play would be moved up to the front of the tee boxes or a
temporary tee created while the seed germinates and seedling plants have a
chance to establish Once the tees re open to play, the front tee boxes that
served as temporary tees can be aggressively overseeded or regressed with
sod
Apply 5-10 lb of dolomitic limestone per 1,000 sq ft to the tee boxes that are
overseeded with ryegrass The remainder of the tees can be limed if necessary
in fall
0I would treat the recovery in much the same way as the steps recommended for
the putting greens This is especially true with the seeded tee boxes The tees
that are reestablished from sod should have the surfaces regraded to produce a
level playing surface Those tees will have to be core cultivated with 3/8" hollow
tines 3-4 weeks after the tees are established to help overcome any layering
condition that might be present because of the commercial sod The new sod will
also benefit from a moderate topdressing application betore the tees are opened
to play I will be happy to discuss the establishment programs fur the sod in more
detail if you choose to follow that option of recovery
Finally, plans should be made to build actual tee boxes on the 6th and 7th tees to replace
the makeshift tees that were cut into rough areas a number of years ago The new tees
would be built with 6-8" of commercial soil mix over the native soils The subsoils would
be graded to level the surface The tees would be oriented with the fairways and
irrigated They can be established from seed or sod
1,11.1 We also discussed tree removal work that
' i eeds to be completed on the 6th and 7th
If1111.000,11,^m0.1L,Itrill,
11,1,14 .1111.„,,I$11,,h 00 tee boxes The picture shows the dense
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4pit shade that was present along the right
It',11 • ide of the 6th tee and interference the
11, , , . 0 trees have with play from the tee We
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two* also discussed removing white pine trees
from the right side of the 7th tee to
„, • le prove conditions there We will review
171t1411' tree, removal needs again at both tee
1151 5f5
I 1)(11;h, sites at our upcoming visit in the fall
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Drainage
Water that leaves the property from the 2nd hole is barking up This in turn slows any
drainage that would naturally occur through the 1st fairway Sediment and other debris
need to be removed from the stream that exits the golf course to reestablish normal flow
rates This should be considered routine annual maintenance to help keep wate r
moving through the 1st and 2nd holes
General Maintenance
The quality of cut we observed in the fairways was not good This is probably due to the
rapid growth rates of the turf due to the rain and optimal growing conditions we have
experienced Increase the mowing frequency temporarily until the cut improves It would
be worth lowering the height of cut slightly to see if you can obtain a better cut on the
perennial ryegrass and bentgrass in place
I strongly recommend moving to a Primo growth regulator program for the fairways The
growth regulator would help to suppress clippings and should improve the quality of cut
that can be obtained at your current mowing frequency The growth regulator would be
applied on a 3-week interval at 8-10 fl oz. per acre The growth regulator Fa,,;bark
another option to suppress shoot growth in the early spring season The Embark T & 0
would be applied just prior to seedhead emergence in late April at 5 oz per acre
Combine the product with iron or soluble N to mask the mild discoloration that will occur
This should provide growth suppression for about a 4-week period, reduce seedheads
and leave the turf stronger for the summer season Use the Embark in a trial over 1 or 2
fairways to become familiar with its effects rimo applications would be initiated once
the growth regulation from the Embark wears off
We also reviewed the fungicides that are used to manage dollar spot on the fairways
The fungicide program has been effective but I recommend rotating Curalan and Secure
fungicides into the management program Alternating between 16',anner and Curalan
should reduce some resistance concerns with the Banner product. Secure is a contact
fungicide that works in a similar fashion to chlorothalonil The Secure and chlorothalonil
could be rotated in combination with the Banner Maxx, Curalan or iprodione fungicides
CONCLUSION
The winter damage that occurred on the 4th and 8th greens and tee boxes makes for a
challenging season The recovery of the damaged greens should be a top priority so
that those greens will have an opportunity to perform well in season and in the winter
ahead The occurrence of damage on the tee boxes in some fairway areas also limits
the ability to apply preemergent herbicides so we can anticipate more crabgrass in
those areas this summer The crabgrass will have to be controlled with post-emergent
products, which will be more difficult The recovering turf will also be more susceptible
to heat and drought stiess in the summer season There will likely be long ierm effects
on course conditioning into the summer season
It might also be possible to make a positive out of a negative situation, at least in
regards to the tee boxes The extensive injury might result in an opportunity to renovate
the 61h and 7th tees, which would improve their condition That program would include
leveling the tee boxes and establishing a better quality turf There are some long range
considerations that will have to be addressed to improve growing conditions on a
number of greens and tees That involves extensive tree removal work that will expose
turf in these areas to at least 8 hours of full sun daily This will allow the turf in those
areas a better chance to perform, recover from the heavy play that occurs and to
survive winter
Do not hesitate to contact the office if there are any questions regarding this report or it
we can be of any help going forward The Green Section appreciates your support of
the Course Consulting Service and we hope to continue to work with you and to make
the golf course as good as it can be
The Green Section appreciates your support of hAS and we encourage visiting the
website nvt roll opo >pro RI 0') to access regional updates that
detail our observations across the region and provide a snapshot of the types of
problems and conditions we are seeing in our travels
Sincerely,
James E Skorulski, Senior Agronomist
Green Section, Northeast Region
JES dlo
cc Mr John Allen, Jr , Vice President of Operations
New England Golf Corporation
Ms Karen Simmons, Director of Recreation, Town of Lexington
Mr Chris Filadoro, Superintendent of Public Grounds
1r William Harrison, President of New England Golf Corporation
Reprints
Guidelines for Building Great Tees
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